{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:01:50Z","timestamp":1777503710798,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008697","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000}}],"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1054404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1054404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1164105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1164105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T17:32:59Z","timestamp":1600104779000},"page":"e0008697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Wide range of G6PD activities found among ethnic groups of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5734-0845","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Ley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Golam","family":"Kibria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7650-8068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wasif Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Auburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5187-0829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ching Swe","family":"Phru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8700-2209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nusrat","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9961-7331","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fatema Tuj","family":"Johora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamala","family":"Thriemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6490-344X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jenifar Quaiyum","family":"Ami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9876-7722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Sharif","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ric N.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9354-0414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cristian","family":"Koepfli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8330-5499","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Shafiul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0008697.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0141","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax","volume":"95","author":"RE Howes","year":"2016","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008697.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz052","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax Relapse Rates Following Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Reflect Previous Transmission Intensity","volume":"220","author":"EA Ashley","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0008697.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004582","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004582","article-title":"The Incidence and Differential Seasonal Patterns of Plasmodium vivax Primary Infections and Relapses in a Cohort of Children in Papua New Guinea","volume":"10","author":"A Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397900-1.00002-5","article-title":"Relapse","volume":"80","author":"NJ White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0008697.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002224","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002224","article-title":"Haemolysis in G6PD Heterozygous Females Treated with Primaquine for Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Nested Cohort in a Trial of Radical Curative Regimens","volume":"14","author":"CS Chu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008697.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2248-y","article-title":"Primaquine-induced haemolysis in females heterozygous for G6PD deficiency","volume":"17","author":"CS Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0008697.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2015.11.006","article-title":"Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency","volume":"30","author":"L Luzzatto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref008","article-title":"Case Report: A Case of Primaquine-Induced Hemoglobinuria in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Malaria Patient in Southeastern Bangladesh","author":"CS Phru","year":"2019","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0008697.ref009","first-page":"178","article-title":"ARMY giving primaquine treatment to all returning servicemen","volume":"67","year":"1952","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-418","article-title":"Primaquine: the risks and the benefits","volume":"13","author":"EA Ashley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0008697.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1086\/424663","article-title":"Primaquine therapy for malaria","volume":"39","author":"JK Baird","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref012","volume-title":"National Malaria Eradication Program DCD, Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of Bangladesh,","author":"NMEP","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9606","key":"pntd.0008697.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60073-2","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"371","author":"MD Cappellini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407826-0.00004-7","article-title":"G6PD deficiency: global distribution, genetic variants and primaquine therapy","volume":"81","author":"RE Howes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45963","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45963","article-title":"Association of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"EC Mbanefo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref016","volume-title":"Guide to G6PD deficiency rapid diagnostic testing to support P. vivax radical cure","author":"WHO","year":"2018"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref017","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria","author":"WHO","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008697.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1981-y","article-title":"Barriers to routine G6PD testing prior to treatment with primaquine","volume":"16","author":"B Ley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0008697.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006230","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006230","article-title":"Use of primaquine and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency testing: Divergent policies and practices in malaria endemic countries","volume":"12","author":"J Recht","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0008697.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70176-1","article-title":"Malaria burden and control in Bangladesh and prospects for elimination: an epidemiological and economic assessment","volume":"2","author":"U Haque","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet Global health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008697.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2405-3","article-title":"Mapping the stability of malaria hotspots in Bangladesh from 2013 to 2016","volume":"17","author":"A Noe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0008697.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6737","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006737","article-title":"Malaria prevalence in endemic districts of Bangladesh","volume":"4","author":"U Haque","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008697.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1603-0","article-title":"Reduction in malaria prevalence and increase in malaria awareness in endemic districts of Bangladesh","volume":"15","author":"MS Alam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-124","article-title":"Mapping hypoendemic, seasonal malaria in rural Bandarban, Bangladesh: a prospective surveillance","volume":"10","author":"WA Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0008697.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0154015","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154015","article-title":"G6PD Deficiency and Antimalarial Efficacy for Uncomplicated Malaria in Bangladesh: A Prospective Observational Study","volume":"11","author":"B Ley","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008697.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1788-x","article-title":"Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of G6PD deficiency in Bengali adults with severe and uncomplicated malaria","volume":"16","author":"K Plewes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0008697.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e033224","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033224","article-title":"Access to maternal healthcare services among Indigenous women in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"S Akter","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0008697.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2017.1346186","article-title":"Open defecation explains differences in nutritional status between Bengali and tribal children in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh","volume":"24","author":"SS Sinharoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-015-0264-x","article-title":"From knowing our needs to enacting change: findings from community consultations with indigenous communities in Bangladesh","volume":"14","author":"S Hussain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref030","author":"SH Abul Barkat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Baseline Survey Of Chittagong Hill Tracts"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref031","unstructured":"Ltd. RaIS. Random.org: Randomness and Integrity Services Ltd.; 2020 [Available from: random.org."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008697.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169930","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169930","article-title":"A Comparison of Three Quantitative Methods to Estimate G6PD Activity in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"B Ley","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0008697.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0206331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206331","article-title":"Field evaluation of quantitative point of care diagnostics to measure glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity","volume":"13","author":"MS Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008697.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2201-0","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax molecular diagnostics in community surveys: pitfalls and solutions","volume":"17","author":"M Gruenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0008697.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001788","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001788","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive detection of Plasmodium falciparum by amplification of multi-copy subtelomeric targets","volume":"12","author":"N Hofmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0008697.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0166977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166977","article-title":"Molecular Analysis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene Mutations in Bangladeshi Individuals","volume":"11","author":"SK Sarker","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-391","article-title":"G6PD testing in support of treatment and elimination of malaria: recommendations for evaluation of G6PD tests","volume":"12","author":"GJ Domingo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0008697.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003602","article-title":"G6PD deficiency at Sumba in Eastern Indonesia is prevalent, diverse and severe: implications for primaquine therapy against relapsing Vivax malaria","volume":"9","author":"AW Satyagraha","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0008697.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2008.12.005","article-title":"The global prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"ET Nkhoma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0008697.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001339","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001339","article-title":"G6PD deficiency prevalence and estimates of affected populations in malaria endemic countries: a geostatistical model-based map","volume":"9","author":"RE Howes","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.103980","article-title":"The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Mahidol variant protects against uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax infection and reduces disease severity in a Kachin population from northeast Myanmar","volume":"75","author":"H Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"5959","key":"pntd.0008697.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178849","article-title":"Positively selected G6PD-Mahidol mutation reduces Plasmodium vivax density in Southeast Asians","volume":"326","author":"C Louicharoen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0008697.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122069","article-title":"Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: Update and Analysis of New Mutations around the World","volume":"17","author":"S Gomez-Manzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0008697.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41397-018-0043-3","article-title":"Concordance between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) genotype and phenotype and rasburicase use in patients with hematologic malignancies","volume":"19","author":"KM Robinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0008697.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0552","article-title":"Screening for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Using Three Detection Methods: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Southwestern Uganda","volume":"95","author":"ME Roh","year":"2016","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-014-0093-6","article-title":"Genetic determinants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in Kenya","volume":"15","author":"SS Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0008697.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7246","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007246","article-title":"Impact of the method of G6PD deficiency assessment on genetic association studies of malaria susceptibility","volume":"4","author":"MK Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref048","article-title":"Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency","author":"L Luzzatto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0008697.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003084","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003084","article-title":"Quantification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by spectrophotometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"DA Pfeffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008697.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-04-077412","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a historical perspective","volume":"111","author":"E Beutler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008697.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-2017-3","article-title":"Methods for the field evaluation of quantitative G6PD diagnostics: a review","volume":"16","author":"B Ley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"key":"pntd.0008697.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-418","article-title":"Spatial distribution of G6PD deficiency variants across malaria-endemic regions","volume":"12","author":"RE Howes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malaria journal"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008697","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008697","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T08:25:42Z","timestamp":1617265542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008697"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wuelton Marcelo","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008697","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008697","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]}}}