{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:20:31Z","timestamp":1790515231395,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008770","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000}}],"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000315","name":"Aberystwyth University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000315","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107475\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107475\/Z\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Joy Welch Educational Charitable Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that currently affects over 250 million individuals worldwide. In the absence of an immunoprophylactic vaccine and the recognition that mono-chemotherapeutic control of schistosomiasis by praziquantel has limitations, new strategies for managing disease burden are urgently needed. A better understanding of schistosome biology could identify previously undocumented areas suitable for the development of novel interventions. Here, for the first time, we detail the presence of G-quadruplexes (G4) and putative quadruplex forming sequences (PQS) within the\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    genome. We find that G4 are present in both intragenic and intergenic regions of the seven autosomes as well as the sex-defining allosome pair. Amongst intragenic regions, G4 are particularly enriched in 3\u00b4 UTR regions. Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis evidenced significant G4 enrichment in the\n                    <jats:italic>wnt<\/jats:italic>\n                    signalling pathway (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05) and PQS oligonucleotides synthetically derived from\n                    <jats:italic>wnt<\/jats:italic>\n                    -related genes resolve into parallel and anti-parallel G4 motifs as elucidated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Finally, utilising a single chain anti-G4 antibody called BG4, we confirm the\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    presence of G4 within both adult female and male worm nuclei. These results collectively suggest that G4-targeted compounds could be tested as novel anthelmintic agents and highlights the possibility that G4-stabilizing molecules could be progressed as candidates for the treatment of schistosomiasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T15:31:14Z","timestamp":1613662274000},"page":"e0008770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Identifying and validating the presence of Guanine-Quadruplexes (G4) within the blood fluke parasite Schistosoma mansoni"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5344-7058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Holly 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