{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:16:00Z","timestamp":1789820160267,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008892","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607558400000}}],"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011259","name":"FP7 International Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093463-J-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093463-J-100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011259","name":"FP7 International Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011259","name":"FP7 International Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011259","name":"FP7 International Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011259","name":"FP7 International Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011259","name":"FP7 International Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011259","name":"FP7 International Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011259","name":"FP7 International Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic> sensu lato. Diagnosis and monitoring of CE rely primarily on imaging while serology is used as a confirmatory test. However, imaging is not always conclusive and currently available serological assays have suboptimal sensitivity and specificity, lack standardization, and are not useful for patients\u00b4 follow-up. Seroassays for CE are usually based on hydatid fluid (HF), a complex, variable antigenic mixture, and cross-reactivity exists especially with alveolar echinococcosis. Recombinant proteins based on immunogenic antigens most abundant in HF, such as AgB1, AgB2 and Ag5, have been used to overcome these limitations. None of them so far showed potential to replace HF; however, their performance have been largely tested on a limited number of samples, and comparison of different antigens using the same cohort has been rarely performed. The combination of several immunogenic epitopes in a single recombinant protein could enhance test sensitivity. For the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with CE, we compared the performance of the crude HF, previously described recombinant 2B2t antigen, and GST-tagged version of 2B2t, and novel designed recombinants (GST-Ag5t and the GST-DIPOL chimera containing AgB1, AgBB2 and Ag5 epitopes) by IgG-ELISA format. Samples belong to a retrospective cohort of 253 well-characterized patients with CE, previously described for the evaluation of the 2B2t antigen, 92 patients with alveolar echinococcosis, and 82 healthy donors. The reference standard for CE diagnosis was the presence of a CE lesion as diagnosed by ultrasonography. The highest sensitivity was obtained with HF [86.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 81.2\u201391.0], followed by GST-2B2t (70.0%, 95% CI: 63.1\u201376.2), 2B2t (65.5%, 95% CI: 58.5\u201372.0), GST-Ag5t (64.5%, 95% CI: 57.5\u201371.1) and GST-DIPOL (63.1%, 95% CI: 56.0\u201369.7). The GST-2B2t had the best specificity (95.8%, 95% CI: 88.3\u201399.1) and the lowest cross-reactivity (38.7%, 95% CI: 27.6\u201350.6). Good response to treatment also correlated to negative test results in the GST-2B2t ELISA. While none of the tested recombinant antigen appears suitable to replace HF for the diagnosis of CE, GST-2B2t should be further explored as a confirmation test, based on its high specificity and low cross-reactivity, and for the follow-up after treatment in those patients with positive serology for this antigen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T19:17:03Z","timestamp":1606763823000},"page":"e0008892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of GST-tagged recombinant antigens 2B2t, Ag5t and DIPOL in ELISA for the diagnosis and follow up of patients with cystic echinococcosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Ovejero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eylem","family":"Akdur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Manzano-Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7176-3721","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Becerro-Recio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okan","family":"Akhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen M.","family":"Cretu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamenna","family":"Vutova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Tamarozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Mariconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambra","family":"Vola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Fabiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Casulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1257-2562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mar","family":"Siles-Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0008892.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.09.006","article-title":"The echinococcoses: Diagnosis, clinical management and burden of disease","volume":"96","author":"P Kern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008892.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.11.001","article-title":"Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans","volume":"114","author":"E Brunetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0008892.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428205","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/428205","article-title":"Serological diagnosis and follow-up of human cystic echinococcosis: A new hope for the future?","volume":"2015","author":"R Manzano-Roman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0008892.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0556","article-title":"Diagnostic performances of commercial ELISA, Indirect Hemagglutination, and Western Blot in differentiation of hepatic echinococcal and non-echinococcal lesions: A retrospective analysis of data from a single referral centre","volume":"101","author":"A Vola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0008892.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.09.003","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of Echinococcus spp. in human patients and infected animals","volume":"96","author":"M Siles-Lucas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008892.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.10.009","article-title":"Achievements of the HERACLES project on cystic echinococcosis","volume":"36","author":"A Casulli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008892.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90040-5","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of an Echinococcus granulosus cDNA encoding malate dehydrogenase","volume":"60","author":"JJ Rodrigues","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0008892.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2001.4605","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus: Cloning and functional in vitro characterization of an actin filament fragmenting protein","volume":"97","author":"E Cortez-Herrera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008892.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00363-07","article-title":"Usefulness of four different Echinococcus granulosus recombinant antigens for serodiagnosis of unilocular hydatid disease (UHD) and postsurgical follow-up of patients treated for UHD","volume":"15","author":"A Hernandez-Gonzalez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0008892.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006741","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006741","article-title":"Evaluation of the recombinant antigens B2t and 2B2t, compared with hydatid fluid, in IgG-ELISA and immunostrips for the diagnosis and follow up of CE patients","volume":"12","author":"A Hernandez-Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0008892.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1714","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001714","article-title":"Improved serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis using the new recombinant 2B2t antigen","volume":"6","author":"A Hernandez-Gonzalez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"pntd.0008892.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20021402","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 is closely related to proteases of the trypsin family","volume":"369","author":"C Lorenzo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0008892.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1551","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001551","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus antigen B structure: subunit composition and oligomeric states","volume":"6","author":"KM Monteiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0008892.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e784","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000784","article-title":"The Echinococcus granulosus antigen B gene family comprises at least 10 unique genes in five subclasses which are differentially expressed","volume":"4","author":"W Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0008892.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12301","article-title":"The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis","volume":"38","author":"F Tamarozzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0008892.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00166-8","article-title":"Molecular characterization of P-29, a metacestode-specific component of Echinococcus granulosus which is immunologically related to, but distinct from, antigen 5","volume":"105","author":"G Gonzalez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"pntd.0008892.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.11.053","article-title":"Imaging aspects and non-surgical interventional treatment in human alveolar echinococcosis","volume":"55","author":"S Bresson-Hadni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"pntd.0008892.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002235","article-title":"Identification of taeniid eggs in the faeces from carnivores based on multiplex PCR using targets in mitochondrial DNA","volume":"134","author":"D Trachsel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008892.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000036","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2015-000036","article-title":"Pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment of alveolar echinococcosis: a sentinel case series","volume":"2","author":"M Stojkovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"pntd.0008892.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2007.08.010","article-title":"PreSSAPro: a software for the prediction of secondary structure by amino acid properties","volume":"31","author":"S Costantini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput Biol Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0008892.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/15.11.871","article-title":"An analysis of protein domain linkers: their classification and role in protein folding","volume":"15","author":"RA George","year":"2002","journal-title":"Protein Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008892.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0219","article-title":"Factors influencing the serological response in hepatic Echinococcus granulosus infection","volume":"94","author":"R Lissandrin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008892.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2160-2","article-title":"Comparison of T24H-his, GST-T24H and GST-Ts8B2 recombinant antigens in western blot, ELISA and multiplex bead-based assay for diagnosis of neurocysticercosis","volume":"10","author":"A Hernandez-Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0008892.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0219629","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219629","article-title":"Recombinant proteins of Plasmodium malariae merozoite surface protein 1 (PmMSP1): Testing immunogenicity in the BALB\/c model and potential use as diagnostic tool","volume":"14","author":"YB Elizardez","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0008892.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2009.08.003","article-title":"Peptide epitopes of the Taenia solium antigen Ts8B2 are immunodominant in human and porcine cysticercosis","volume":"168","author":"E Ferrer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0008892.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.7.2772-2777.1997","article-title":"Expression and serologic activity of a soluble recombinant Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein","volume":"65","author":"T Fraser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pntd.0008892.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-217","article-title":"Evaluation of an in silico predicted specific and immunogenic antigen from the OmcB protein for the serodiagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections","volume":"8","author":"O Frikha-Gargouri","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008892.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9804","article-title":"Comparison of the immunoglobulin-G-specific seroreactivity of different recombinant antigens of the human herpesvirus 8","volume":"260","author":"D Lang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0008892.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.4.607-611.2000","article-title":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using the recombinant dense granule antigens GRA6 and GRA1 of Toxoplasma gondii for detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies","volume":"7","author":"L Lecordier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0008892.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0462","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a Trypanosoma congolense 46 kDa protein as a candidate serodiagnostic antigen","volume":"76","author":"M Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0008892.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2764-2770.2005","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the diagnostic performance of six major Echinococcus granulosus antigens assessed in a double-blind, randomized multicenter study","volume":"43","author":"C Lorenzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0008892.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004585","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004585","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of Antigen 5-based ELISAs for human cystic echinococcosis","volume":"10","author":"D Pagnozzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0008892.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579345","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2579345","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of two purification methods on the immunogenicity of recombinant outer membrane protein H of Pasteurella multocida serovar A:1","volume":"2016","author":"A Thanasarasakulpong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Med Int"},{"key":"pntd.0008892.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0610-7","article-title":"Alteration of immunoproteome profile of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid fluid with progression of cystic echinococcosis","volume":"8","author":"CS Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0008892.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1994.tb00327.x","article-title":"Identification and diagnostic value of a major antibody epitope on the 12 kDa antigen from Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid disease) cyst fluid","volume":"16","author":"GR Leggatt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0008892.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.3979-3983.2000","article-title":"Improved immunodiagnosis of cystic hydatid disease by using a synthetic peptide with higher diagnostic value than that of its parent protein, Echinococcus granulosus antigen B","volume":"38","author":"G Gonzalez-Sapienza","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"pntd.0008892.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20179","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212724200","article-title":"Identification of critical residues of an immunodominant region of Echinococcus granulosus antigen B","volume":"278","author":"G Gonzalez-Sapienza","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0008892.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1998.00117.x","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of a synthetic peptide derived from a novel antigen B subunit as related to other available peptides and native antigens used for serology of cystic hydatidosis","volume":"20","author":"M Barbieri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0008892.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.11.006","article-title":"Multi-epitope proteins for improved serological detection of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas Disease","volume":"84","author":"MS Duthie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0008892.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018000458","article-title":"Development and assessment of an improved recombinant multiepitope antigen-based immunoassay to diagnose chronic Chagas disease","volume":"145","author":"LM Peverengo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0008892.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638715584995","article-title":"A new trivalent SnSAG surface antigen chimera for efficient detection of antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona and diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis","volume":"27","author":"M Yeargan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0008892.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.09.039","article-title":"Fusion protein linkers: property, design and functionality","volume":"65","author":"X Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0008892.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12859","article-title":"Follow-up of surgically treated patients with cystic echinococcosis: can novel recombinant antigens compete with imaging? Analysis of a patient cohort","volume":"22","author":"M Stojkovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008892","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607558400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008892","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T20:33:08Z","timestamp":1607632388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008892"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Taylan Ozkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008892","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008892","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]}}}