{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:19:56Z","timestamp":1791325196010,"version":"4.3.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008894","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607558400000}}],"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> complex (MTBC) comprises closely related species responsible for human and animal tuberculosis (TB). Efficient species determination is useful for epidemiological purposes, especially for the elucidation of the zoonotic contribution. In Algeria, data on MTBC genotypes are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and diversity of MTBC genotypes causing human and bovine TB in Northern Algeria. During a two-year sampling period (2017\u20132019) in two regions of Northern Algeria, we observed an overall prevalence of 6.5% of tuberculosis (TB) among slaughtered cattle, which is higher than previous Algerian data yet comparable to neighboring countries. A total of 296 <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> complex (MTBC) isolates were genotyped by spoligotyping: 181 from tissues with TB-like lesions collected from 181 cattle carcasses and 115 from TB patients. In human isolates, we identified 107 <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>, seven <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic> and one \u201c<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pinnipedii-like<\/jats:italic>\u201d, while for bovine samples, 174 isolates were identified as <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>, three as <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>caprae<\/jats:italic>, three as \u201c<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pinnipedii-like<\/jats:italic>\u201d and one as \u201c<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>microti-like<\/jats:italic>\u201d. The majority of isolates (89.2%) belonged to 72 different known Shared International Types (SIT) or <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic> spoligotypes (SB), while we also identified seven new SB profiles (SB2695 to SB2701). Twenty-eight of the SB profiles were new to Algeria. Our data suggest zoonotic transmission in S\u00e9tif, where significantly more TB was observed among cattle (20%) compared to the slaughterhouses from the three other regions (5.4%\u20137.3%) (p &lt; 0.0001), with the isolation of the same <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic> genotypes from TB patients. The present study showed a high genetic diversity of MTBC isolated from human and cattle in Northern Algeria. Even though relatively small in terms of numbers, our data suggest the zoonotic transmission of TB from cattle to humans, suggesting the need for stronger eradication strategies for bovine TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T19:28:12Z","timestamp":1606764492000},"page":"e0008894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Broad diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains isolated from humans and cattle in Northern Algeria suggests a zoonotic transmission cycle"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8681-3878","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hanane","family":"Damene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-9747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Djamel","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-1657","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maren","family":"Diels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4433-147X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Berber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naima","family":"Sahraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leen","family":"Rigouts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0008894.ref001","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Tuberculosis in humans and animals: an overview","volume":"14","author":"PA LoBue","year":"2010","journal-title":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease: the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"pntd.0008894.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12540","article-title":"Tuberculosis, Brucellosis and Leucosis in Cattle: A Cost Description of Eradication Programmes in the Region of Lazio, Italy","volume":"64","author":"A Caminiti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0008894.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2744","article-title":"Out-of-Africa migration and Neolithic coexpansion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with modern humans","volume":"45","author":"I Comas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"pntd.0008894.ref004","volume-title":"Atlas of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.","author":"AA Velayati","year":"2017"},{"key":"pntd.0008894.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002152","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002152","article-title":"The Global Burden of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Re-estimation Using Mathematical Modelling","volume":"13","author":"Dodd PJ Houben RMGJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"key":"pntd.0008894.ref006","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a circus elephant","volume":"183","author":"G. 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