{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:44:46Z","timestamp":1789749886479,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008985","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000}}],"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Streptoccocus suis (S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>suis)<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection is a neglected zoonosis disease in humans mainly affects men of working age. We estimated the health and economic burden of\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in Thailand in terms of years of life lost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost, and productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lost which is a novel measure that adjusts years of life lived for productivity loss attributable to disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A decision-analytic Markov model was developed to simulate the impact of\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and its major complications: death, meningitis and infective endocarditis among Thai people in 2019 with starting age of 51 years. Transition probabilities, and inputs pertaining to costs, utilities and productivity impairment associated with long-term complications were derived from published sources. A lifetime time horizon with follow-up until death or age 100 years was adopted. The simulation was repeated assuming that the cohort had not been infected with\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The differences between the two set of model outputs in years of life, QALYs, and PALYs lived reflected the impact\n                      <jats:italic>of S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. An annual discount rate of 3% was applied to both costs and outcomes. One-way sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulation modeling technique using 10,000 iterations were performed to assess the impact of uncertainty in the model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort incurred 769 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 695 to 841) years of life lost (14% of predicted years of life lived if infection had not occurred), 826 (95% UI: 588 to 1,098) QALYs lost (21%) and 793 (95%UI: 717 to 867) PALYs (15%) lost. These equated to an average of 2.46 years of life, 2.64 QALYs and 2.54 PALYs lost per person. The loss in PALYs was associated with a loss of 346 (95% UI: 240 to 461) million Thai baht (US$11.3 million) in GDP, which equated to 1.1 million Thai baht (US$ 36,033) lost per person.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection imposes a significant economic burden both in terms of health and productivity. Further research to investigate the effectiveness of public health awareness programs and disease control interventions should be mandated to provide a clearer picture for decision making in public health strategies and resource allocations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T17:58:52Z","timestamp":1611338332000},"page":"e0008985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Burden of disease and productivity impact of Streptococcus suis infection in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5961-8978","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ajaree","family":"Rayanakorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-3522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zanfina","family":"Ademi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8589-7456","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Learn-Han","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0008985.ref001","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of Streptococcus suis infection in humans","volume":"20","author":"VTL Huong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0008985.ref002","first-page":"e30","article-title":"Deafness due to haemorrhagic labyrinthitis and a review of relapses in streptococcus suis meningitis","volume":"51","author":"JH Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Singapore Medical Journal"},{"key":"pntd.0008985.ref003","unstructured":"Bureau of Epidemiology DoDC, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. 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