{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T17:33:21Z","timestamp":1790530401143,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008986","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000}}],"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare\/Regulatory Science Research"},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development\/Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K19220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K19220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18H02856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18H02856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is maintained in an enzootic cycle between swine, water birds, and mosquitoes. JEV has circulated indigenously in Asia, with<jats:italic>Culex tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>as the primary vector. In some areas where the primary vector is scarce or absent, sporadic cases of Japanese encephalitis have been reported, with<jats:italic>Aedes japonicus japonicus<\/jats:italic>presumed to have the potential as a secondary vector. As one of the world\u2019s most invasive culicid species,<jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>j<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>japonicus<\/jats:italic>carries a considerable health risk for spreading diseases to wider areas, including Europe and North America. Thus, evaluation of its competency as a JEV vector, particularly in a native population, will be essential in preventing potential disease spread. In this study, the two mosquito species\u2019 vector competence in transmitting three JEV genotypes (I, III, and V) was assessed, with<jats:italic>Cx<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>serving as a point of reference. The mosquitoes were virus-fed and the infection rate (IR), dissemination rate (DR), and transmission rate (TR) evaluated individually by either RT-qPCR or focus forming assay. Results showed striking differences between the two species, with IR of 95% (261\/274) and 9% (16\/177) in<jats:italic>Cx<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>j<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>japonicus<\/jats:italic>, respectively. Both mosquitoes were susceptible to all three JEV genotypes with significant differences in IR and mean viral titer. Results confirm the primary vector\u2019s competence, but the fact that JEV was able to establish in<jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>j<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>japonicus<\/jats:italic>is of public health significance, and with 2%\u201316% transmission rate it has the potential to successfully transmit JEV to the next host. This may explain the human cases and infrequent detection in primary vector-free areas. Importantly,<jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>j<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>japonicus<\/jats:italic>could be a relevant vector spreading the disease into new areas, indicating the need for security measures in areas where the mosquito is distributed or where it may be introduced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T20:44:51Z","timestamp":1609188291000},"page":"e0008986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Evaluating the competence of the primary vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and the invasive mosquito species, Aedes japonicus japonicus, in transmitting three Japanese encephalitis virus genotypes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8688-2312","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Astri 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