{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:29:48Z","timestamp":1767180588524,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008997","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000}}],"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["project grant APP1098804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project grant APP1098804"]}]},{"name":"University of Queensland International PhD Scholarship"},{"name":"QIMR Berghofer MRI International PhD Scholarship"},{"name":"Australian Research Council Future Fellowship","award":["FT130101875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT130101875"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Scabies, a highly contagious skin disease affecting more than 200 million people worldwide at any time, is caused by the parasitic mite\n                      <jats:italic>Sarcoptes scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In the absence of molecular markers, diagnosis requires experience making surveillance and control challenging. Superficial microthrombi in the absence of vasculitis in scabies-affected skin are a recognised, yet unexplained histopathological differential of scabies infection. This study demonstrates that a family of Scabies Mite Inactivated Cysteine Protease Paralogues (SMIPP-Cs) excreted by the mites plays a role in formation of scabies-induced superficial microthrombi.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A series of\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments involving two representative recombinant SMIPP-Cs was carried out. In the presence of SMIPP-Cs, the thrombin clotting time (TCT), fibrin formation and plasmin induced fibrinolysis were monitored\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The ultrastructure of the SMIPP-C\u2014modulated fibrin was analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Immuno-histological analyses were performed\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , to localise the SMIPP-C proteins within scabies infected skin biopsies. SMIPP-Cs displayed pro-coagulant properties. They bound calcium ions, reduced the thrombin clotting time, enhanced the fibrin formation rate and delayed plasmin-induced fibrinolysis. The SMIPP-Cs associated with fibrin clots during fibrinogen polymerisation and did not bind to preformed fibrin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the fibrin clots formed in the presence of SMIPP-Cs were aberrant and denser than normal fibrin clots. SMIPP-Cs were detected in microthrombi which are commonly seen in scabietic skin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SMIPP-Cs are the first scabies mite proteins found in sub-epidermal skin layers and their pro-coagulant properties promote superficial microthrombi formation in scabetic skin. Further research is needed to evaluate their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T16:27:31Z","timestamp":1609950451000},"page":"e0008997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A unique group of scabies mite pseudoproteases promotes cutaneous blood coagulation and delays plasmin-induced fibrinolysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3079-0985","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deepani D.","family":"Fernando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone 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