{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T08:00:32Z","timestamp":1772179232162,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009071","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000}}],"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GlycoPar Marie Curie Initial Training Network","award":["608295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["608295"]}]},{"name":"GlycoPar Marie Curie Initial Training Network","award":["608295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["608295"]}]},{"name":"GlycoPar Marie Curie Initial Training Network","award":["608295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["608295"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007637","name":"COLCIENCIAS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    African sleeping sickness is caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a parasite transmitted by the bite of a tsetse fly. Trypanosome infection induces a severe transcriptional downregulation of tsetse genes encoding for salivary proteins, which reduces its anti-hemostatic and anti-clotting properties. To better understand trypanosome transmission and the possible role of glycans in insect bloodfeeding, we characterized the\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -glycome of tsetse saliva glycoproteins. Tsetse salivary\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -glycans were enzymatically released, tagged with either 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) or procainamide, and analyzed by HILIC-UHPLC-FLR coupled online with positive-ion ESI-LC-MS\/MS. We found that the\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -glycan profiles of\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected and na\u00efve tsetse salivary glycoproteins are almost identical, consisting mainly (&gt;50%) of highly processed Man\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    GlcNAc\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in addition to several other paucimannose, high mannose, and few hybrid-type\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -glycans. In overlay assays, these sugars were differentially recognized by the mannose receptor and DC-SIGN C-type lectins. We also show that salivary glycoproteins bind strongly to the surface of transmissible metacyclic trypanosomes. We suggest that although the repertoire of tsetse salivary\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -glycans does not change during a trypanosome infection, the interactions with mannosylated glycoproteins may influence parasite transmission into the vertebrate host.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T15:49:33Z","timestamp":1612280973000},"page":"e0009071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Tsetse salivary glycoproteins are modified with paucimannosidic N-glycans, are recognised by C-type lectins and bind to trypanosomes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Radoslaw P.","family":"Kozak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0997-5600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karina","family":"Mondragon-Shem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7782-5359","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clair","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samirah","family":"Perally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4870-3202","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guy","family":"Caljon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4533-4480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan","family":"Van Den Abbeele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9511-3299","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine","family":"Wongtrakul-Kish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7601-7544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard A.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6386-0890","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Lehane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2576-7959","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Acosta-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0009071.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2000.00309.x","article-title":"The immunomodulatory factors of bloodfeeding arthropod saliva","volume":"22","author":"RD Gillespie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"pntd.0009071.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.07.028","article-title":"What\u2019s behind a sand fly bite? 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