{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T05:41:34Z","timestamp":1770615694415,"version":"3.49.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009080","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000}}],"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT091689MF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT091689MF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT091689MF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT091689MF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nThe rising incidence of visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic> requires novel methods to control transmission by the sand fly vector. Indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) against these largely exophilic \/ exophagic vectors may not be the most effective method. A synthetic copy of the male sex-aggregation pheromone of the key vector species Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/jats:italic> in the Americas, was co-located with residual pyrethroid insecticide, and tested for its effects on vector abundance, hence potential transmission, in a Brazilian community study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nHouses within eight defined semi-urban blocks in an endemic municipality in Brazil were randomised to synthetic pheromone + insecticide or to placebo treatments. A similar number of houses located >100m from each block were placebo treated and considered as \u201cTrue Controls\u201d (thus, analysed as three trial arms). Insecticide was sprayed on a 2.6m2<\/jats:sup> surface area of the property boundary or outbuilding wall, co-located within one metre of 50mg synthetic pheromone in controlled-release dispensers. Vector numbers captured in nearby CDC light traps were recorded at monthly intervals over 3 months post intervention. Recruited sentinel houses under True Control and pheromone + insecticide treatments were similarly monitored at 7\u20139 day intervals. The intervention effects were estimated by mixed effects negative binomial models compared to the True Control group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nDose-response field assays using 50mg of the synthetic pheromone captured a mean 4.8 (95% C.L.: 3.91, 5.80) to 6.3 (95% C.L.: 3.24, 12.11) times more vectors (female Lu<\/jats:italic>. longipalpis<\/jats:italic>) than using 10mg of synthetic pheromone. The intervention reduced household female vector abundance by 59% (C.L.: 48.7, 66.7%) (IRR = 0.41) estimated by the cross-sectional community study, and by 70% (C.L.: 56.7%, 78.8%) estimated by the longitudinal sentinel study. Similar reductions in male Lu<\/jats:italic>. longipalpis<\/jats:italic> were observed. Beneficial spill-over intervention effects were also observed at nearby untreated households with a mean reduction of 24% (95% C.L.: 0.050%, 39.8%) in female vectors. The spill-over effect in untreated houses was 44% (95% C.L.: 29.7%, 56.1%) as effective as the intervention in pheromone-treated houses. Ownership of chickens increased the intervention effects in both treated and untreated houses, attributed to the suspected synergistic attraction of the synthetic pheromone and chicken kairomones. The variation in IRR between study blocks was not associated with inter-household distances, household densities, or coverage (proportion of total households treated).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nThe study confirms the entomological efficacy of the lure-and-kill method to reduce the abundance of this important sand fly vector in treated and untreated homesteads. The outcomes were achieved by low coverage and using only 1\u20132% of the quantity of insecticide as normally required for IRS, indicating the potential cost-effectiveness of this method. Implications for programmatic deployment of this vector control method are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T19:40:48Z","timestamp":1612381248000},"page":"e0009080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Community deployment of a synthetic pheromone of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis co-located with insecticide reduces vector abundance in treated and neighbouring untreated houses: Implications for control of Leishmania infantum"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4349-6619","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raquel","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian F.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6445-2493","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reila B.","family":"Rontani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alisson","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9461-2777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katie B.","family":"Farnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3017-0540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erin E.","family":"Gorsich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1103-6482","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rafaella A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reginaldo P.","family":"Brazil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9196-8516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James G. C.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0188-6929","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Orin","family":"Courtenay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. World Health Organization. Global vector control response 2017\u20132030. 51 p.: Geneva: 2017 Contract No.: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.; 2017. https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/documents\/global-vector-control-response-2017-2030."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009080.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref003","unstructured":"PAHO\/WHO. Leishmaniasis: Epidemiological Report in the Americas 2019. 10 p.: Pan-American Health Organization\u2014World Health Organization; 2019 [cited 8]. https:\/\/iris.paho.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10665.2\/51734\/leishreport8_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y."},{"issue":"14","key":"pntd.0009080.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991156","article-title":"Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"136","author":"RJ Quinnell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009080.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007831","article-title":"The importance of vector control for the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases","volume":"14","author":"AL Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref006","unstructured":"Brasil. Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia e controle da leishmaniose visceral. 120p. Bras\u00edlia: Editora Minist\u00e9rio Sa\u00fade; 2014. 1:[120]. http:\/\/www.saude.ba.gov.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2014-Manual-de-vigil%C3%A2ncia-e-controle-da-leishmaniose-visceral.pdf."},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref007","unstructured":"Camargo-Neves VLFd, Glasser CM, Cruz LL, Almeida RGd. Manual de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral Americana do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo. 158 p. S\u00e3o Paulo2006 [cited 1]. 158]. http:\/\/www.saude.sp.gov.br\/resources\/sucen\/homepage\/downloads\/arquivos-leishmaniose-visceral-americana\/manual_lva.pdf."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009080.ref008","article-title":"Risk analysis and prediction of visceral leishmaniasis dispersion in Sao Paulo State, Brazil","volume":"11","author":"AD Seva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0009080.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.04.001","article-title":"Urban parasitology: visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"27","author":"MO Harhay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009080.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1994.tb00502.x","article-title":"Correlates of the peridomestic abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Amazon Brazil","volume":"8","author":"RJ Quinnell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009080.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1992.tb00606.x","article-title":"Host preferences of Phlebotomine sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis in Amazonian Brazil","volume":"6","author":"RJ Quinnell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009080.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12131","article-title":"Feeding Preferences of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), the Sand Fly Vector, for Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)","volume":"51","author":"VP Macedo-Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref013","article-title":"Studies on the Feeding Habits of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Populations from Endemic Areas of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil","author":"MM Afonso","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009080.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300032508","article-title":"An experimental-study of the peridomestic distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae)","volume":"84","author":"RJ Quinnell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bulletin of Entomological Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009080.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.68","article-title":"HOST PREFERENCES OF THE SAND FLY LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS AT AN ENDEMIC FOCUS OF AMERICAN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN COLOMBIA","volume":"49","author":"AC Morrison","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009080.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007193","article-title":"Insecticide-impregnated dog collars reduce infantile clinical visceral leishmaniasis under operational conditions in NW Iran: A community-wide cluster randomised trial","volume":"13","author":"O Courtenay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"9330","key":"pntd.0009080.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09609-5","article-title":"Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial","volume":"360","author":"ASM Gavgani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0009080.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007767","article-title":"Sand fly synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone co-located with insecticide reduces the incidence of infection in the canine reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis: A stratified cluster randomised trial","volume":"13","author":"O Courtenay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009080.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2007.00678.x","article-title":"Deltamethrin-impregnated bednets reduce human landing rates of sandfly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis in Amazon households","volume":"21","author":"O Courtenay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009080.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1997.tb00285.x","article-title":"Differential application of lambda-cyhalothrin to control the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"11","author":"DW Kelly","year":"1997","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009080.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/32.4.527","article-title":"SPECIES COMPOSITION AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF SAND FLIES OF THE GENUS LUTZOMYIA (DIPTERA, PSYCHODIDAE) AT AN ENDEMIC FOCUS OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN COLOMBIA","volume":"32","author":"C Ferro","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0009080.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002443","article-title":"Larval Breeding Sites of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Urban Areas in Southeastern Brazil","volume":"7","author":"C Casanova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0009080.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0188-2013","article-title":"Spatial and seasonal distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Dracena, a city in the western region of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, that is endemic with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"46","author":"MM Holcman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0009080.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008774","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008774","article-title":"Outdoor Residual Insecticide Spraying (ODRS), a New Approach for the Control of the Exophilic Vectors of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis: Phlebotomus orientalis in East Africa","volume":"14","author":"DA Elnaiem","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009080.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170377","article-title":"Effectiveness of dog collars impregnated with 4% deltamethrin in controlling visceral leishmaniasis in Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidade: Phlebotominae) populations","volume":"113","author":"RA Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0009080.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2166","article-title":"Impact of 4% Deltamethrin-Impregnated Dog Collars on the Prevalence and Incidence of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"18","author":"TA Kazimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1996.0309","article-title":"Pheromones, kairomones and the aggregation dynamics of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"53","author":"DW Kelly","year":"1997","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(05)80549-4","article-title":"Communication among Phlebotomine sandflies\u2014a field study of domesticated Lutzomyia longipalpis populations in Amazonian Brazil","volume":"42","author":"C Dye","year":"1991","journal-title":"Animal Behaviour"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009080.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00218.x","article-title":"LABORATORY RESPONSE OF FEMALE LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS SANDFLIES TO A HOST AND MALE PHEROMONE SOURCE OVER DISTANCE","volume":"3","author":"IE Morton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref030","unstructured":"Krishnakumari B, Sarita Raj, K., Hamilton, J.G.C., editor Synthesis of 9-methylgermacrene from germacrone, an active analogue of (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B, sex pheromone of Phlebotomine sandfly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, from Lapinha Brazil. IUPAC International conference on Biodiversity and Natural Products: Chemistry and Medical Applications; 2004 26\u201331 January 2004; New Delhi (India)."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009080.ref031","article-title":"Synthetic Sex Pheromone in a Long-Lasting Lure Attracts the Visceral Leishmaniasis Vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, for up to 12 Weeks in Brazil","volume":"8","author":"DP Bray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref032","article-title":"Synthetic sex pheromone attracts the leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to experimental chicken sheds treated with insecticide","volume":"3","author":"DP Bray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009080.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.5.779","article-title":"Host odor synergizes attraction of virgin female Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)","volume":"44","author":"DP Bray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref034","article-title":"Synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the South American sand fly vector of Leishmania infantum, attracts males and females over long-distance","author":"MA Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoSNTDs"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref035","article-title":"Epidemiology of Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Reemerging Focus of Intense Transmission in Minas Gerais State, Brazil","author":"RA Barata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Research International"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref036","unstructured":"SES-MG. Secretaria de Estado de Sa\u00fade de Minas Gerais. Programa de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral. Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico, Leishmaniose Visceral Humana, Minas Gerais, 2010\u20132015. 2017. 8 p. 2017. http:\/\/vigilancia.saude.mg.gov.br\/index.php\/download\/boletim-epidemiologico-leishmaniose-visceral-humana-minas-gerais-2010-2015\/."},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.12662\/2317-3076jhbs.v6i2.1764.p133-139.2018","article-title":"Leishmaniose visceral humana: estudo do perfil cl\u00ednico-epidemiol\u00f3gico na regi\u00e3o leste de Minas Gerais, Brasil","author":"WA Alves","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Health Biol Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref038","unstructured":"Brasil\/SVS. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Banco de dados do Sistema \u00danico de Sa\u00fade\u2014DATASUS, Informa\u00e7\u00f5es de Sa\u00fade, Epidemiol\u00f3gicas e morbidade, Doen\u00e7as e Agravos de Notifica\u00e7\u00e3o (SINAN) 2020 [19\/08\/2020]. http:\/\/www2.datasus.gov.br\/DATASUS\/index.php?area=0203&id=29892192&VObj=http:\/\/tabnet.datasus.gov.br\/cgi\/deftohtm.exe?sinannet\/cnv."},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0216-2019","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects and spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in Governador Valadares, Brazil, between 2008 and 2012","volume":"53","author":"AD Pinheiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009080.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.2.427","article-title":"Dispersal of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae) at an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Colombia","volume":"30","author":"AC Morrison","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153557","article-title":"Biology of Phlebotomine Sand Flies as Vectors of Disease Agents","volume":"Vol 5858","author":"PD Ready","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Entomology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009080.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12082","article-title":"Behavioral Aspects of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Urban Area Endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"50","author":"EF De Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009080.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006333","article-title":"A field study of the survival and dispersal pattern of Lutzomyia longipalpis in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"12","author":"F Galvis-Ovallos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0009080.ref044","article-title":"Attraction of Lutzomyia longipalpis to synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone: Effect of release rate and proximity of adjacent pheromone sources","volume":"12","author":"MJ Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref045","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves R, Logan RAE, Ismail HM, Paine MJI, Bern C, Courtenay O. Indoors residual spraying applied under target dose against Triatoma infesting in Bolivian Chaco. Submitted2020."},{"issue":"28","key":"pntd.0009080.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8573","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1507782112","article-title":"DDT-based indoor residual spraying suboptimal for visceral leishmaniasis elimination in India","volume":"112","author":"M Coleman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref047","article-title":"Insecticide-impregnated netting as a potencial surface treatment: an alternative to insecticide spraying for control of the leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)?","author":"V Barbosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref048","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Flebotom\u00edneos do Brasil","author":"EAB Galati","year":"2003"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref049","unstructured":"Hijmans RJ. Geosphere: Spherical Trigonometry. R package version 1.5\u201310. 2019."},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0127-1","article-title":"Can the buck always be passed to the highest level of clustering?","volume":"16","author":"C Bottomley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bmc Medical Research Methodology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009080.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2969-6","article-title":"Efficacy of insecticides used in indoor residual spraying for malaria control: an experimental trial on various surfaces in a \"test house\"","volume":"18","author":"A Correa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009080.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008254","article-title":"Kala-azar elimination in a highly-endemic district of Bihar, India: A success story","volume":"14","author":"V Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009080.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1179\/136485911X12899838683124","article-title":"The Indian and Nepalese programmes of indoor residual spraying for the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis: performance and effectiveness","volume":"105","author":"R Chowdhury","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009080.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12429","article-title":"Behavioural response of the house mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus to avian odours and its reliance on carbon dioxide","volume":"34","author":"CG Spanoudis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009080.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12242","article-title":"Variation in host preferences of malaria mosquitoes is mediated by skin bacterial volatiles","volume":"31","author":"AO Busula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009080.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006168","article-title":"Bionomics of Phlebotomus argentipes in villages in Bihar, India with insights into efficacy of IRS-based control measures","volume":"12","author":"DM Poche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.04.015","article-title":"Temporal distribution and behaviour of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of the Kani Tribe settlements in the Western Ghats, India","volume":"148","author":"R Srinivasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref058","article-title":"Species composition of phlebotomine sand flies and bionomics of Phlebotomus orientalis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Tahtay Adiyabo district, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"A Gebresilassie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref059","unstructured":"WHO. World Health Organization Indoor residual spraying: an operational manual for indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria transmission control and elimination. 134p. Switzerland2015. 2\u00b0:[126]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/atoz\/9789241508940\/en\/."},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatial modelling of sand fly vector\u2019s response to a synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone: impact on the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in rural and urban settings","author":"RDE Retkute","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.07.029","article-title":"Evaluation of chemical spraying and environmental management efficacy in areas with minor previous application of integrated control actions for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"176","author":"FD Lara-Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref062","article-title":"The Preventive Control of Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis: Efficacy and Economic Evaluation","author":"HJ Shimozako","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2608-4","article-title":"Multi-country assessment of residual bio-efficacy of insecticides used for indoor residual spraying in malaria control on different surface types: results from program monitoring in 17 PMI\/USAID-supported IRS countries","volume":"11","author":"D Dengela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0009080.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.010485","article-title":"Role of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) in the epidemiology of urban visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"8","author":"B Alexander","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0009080.ref065","unstructured":"Sterland E. Epidemiology and risk factors for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum) in Northern Brazil: MRES Thesis: University of Warwick; 2020."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009080","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T22:44:32Z","timestamp":1613515472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009080"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paul O.","family":"Mireji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009080","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009080","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]}}}