{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:02:34Z","timestamp":1791856954327,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009160","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000}}],"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There are no national prevalence studies of <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection in Australia, although it is known to be endemic in northern Australia and is reported in high risk groups such as immigrants and returned travellers. We aimed to determine the seropositivity (number positive per 100,000 of population and percent positive of those tested) and geographical distribution of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> by using data from pathology laboratories.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We contacted all seven Australian laboratories that undertake <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> serological (ELISA antibody) testing to request de-identified data from 2012\u20132016 inclusive. Six responded. One provided positive data only. The number of people positive, number negative and number tested per 100,000 of population (Australian Bureau of Statistics data) were calculated including for each state\/territory, each Australian Bureau of Statistics Statistical Area Level 3 (region), and each suburb\/town\/community\/locality. The data was summarized and expressed as maps of Australia and Greater Capital Cities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We obtained data for 81,777 people who underwent serological testing for <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> infection, 631 of whom were from a laboratory that provided positive data only. Overall, 32 (95% CI: 31, 33) people per 100,000 of population were seropositive, ranging between 23\/100,000 (95% CI: 19, 29) (Tasmania) and 489\/100,000 population (95%CI: 462, 517) (Northern Territory). Positive cases were detected across all states and territories, with the highest (260-996\/100,000 and 17\u201340% of those tested) in regions across northern Australia, north-east New South Wales and north-west South Australia. Some regions in Greater Capital Cities also had a high seropositivity (112-188\/100,000 and 17\u201320% of those tested). Relatively more males than females tested positive. Relatively more adults than children tested positive. Children were under-represented in the data.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study confirms that substantial numbers of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infections occur in Australia and provides data to inform public health planning.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T18:34:58Z","timestamp":1615314898000},"page":"e0009160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Seropositivity and geographical distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis in Australia: A study of pathology laboratory data from 2012\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0849-0855","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Shield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1997-3999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sabine","family":"Braat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3100-1626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gemma","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miles","family":"Beaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0285-9954","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7207-244X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8364-9515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rogan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"McKessar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-7150","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suellen","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Mayer-Coverdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2961-9793","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beverley-Ann","family":"Biggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009160.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13050517","article-title":"Strongyloidiasis: A disease of socioeconomic disadvantage.","volume":"13","author":"M Beknazarova","year":"2016","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0009160.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060468","article-title":"The global prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection.","volume":"9","author":"BD Buonfrate D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0009160.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1980.tb131877.x","article-title":"Intestinal parasite infections in Western Australian Aborigines.","volume":"2","author":"HI Jones","year":"1980","journal-title":"The Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009160.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(98)00048-5","article-title":"Efficacy of albendazole against Giardia and hookworm in a remote Aboriginal community in the north of Western Australia","volume":"71","author":"J Reynoldson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta tropica"},{"key":"pntd.0009160.ref005","unstructured":"Sampson I, Smith, DW, MacKenzie, B. 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