{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:56:19Z","timestamp":1791989779507,"version":"4.4.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009180","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000}}],"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Outbreaks of yaws-like ulcerative skin lesions in children are frequently reported in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The origin of these lesions might be primarily traumatic or infectious; in the latter case,\n                    <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies\n                    <jats:italic>pertenue<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the yaws agent, and\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the agent of chancroid, are two of the pathogens commonly associated with the aetiology of skin ulcers. In this work, we investigated the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pertenue<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA in skin ulcers in children living in yaws-endemic regions in Cameroon.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Skin lesion swabs were collected from children presenting with yaws-suspected skin lesions during three outbreaks, two of which occurred in 2017 and one in 2019. DNA extracted from the swabs was used to amplify three target genes: the human \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -microglobulin gene to confirm proper sample collection and DNA extraction, the\n                    <jats:italic>polA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, highly conserved among all subspecies of\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the\n                    <jats:italic>hddA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene of\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A fourth target, the\n                    <jats:italic>tprL<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was used to differentiate\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pertenue<\/jats:italic>\n                    from the other agents of human treponematoses in\n                    <jats:italic>polA<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive samples. A total of 112 samples were analysed in this study. One sample, negative for \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -microglobulin, was excluded from further analysis.\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pertenue<\/jats:italic>\n                    was only detected in the samples collected during the first 2017 outbreak (12\/74, 16.2%). In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA could be amplified from samples from all three outbreaks (outbreak 1: 27\/74, 36.5%; outbreak 2: 17\/24, 70.8%; outbreak 3: 11\/13, 84.6%). Our results show that\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>ducreyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    was more frequently associated to skin lesions in the examined children than\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>pertenue<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but also that yaws is still present in Cameroon. These findings strongly advocate for a continuous effort to determine the aetiology of ulcerative skin lesions during these recurring outbreaks, and to inform the planned mass treatment campaigns to eliminate yaws in Cameroon.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T17:29:57Z","timestamp":1613496597000},"page":"e0009180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ulcerative skin lesions among children in Cameroon: It is not always Yaws"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3757-7340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Ndzomo Ngono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0091-9792","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Serges","family":"Tchatchouang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireille Victorine","family":"Noah Tsanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Earnest","family":"Njih Tabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Tchualeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingsley","family":"Asiedu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3889-7274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Giacani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Eyangoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2235-6038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tania","family":"Crucitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009180.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00070-13","article-title":"The endemic treponematoses","volume":"27","author":"L Giacani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 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