{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:57:00Z","timestamp":1787021820536,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009188","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614643200000}}],"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24406013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24406013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP16H05819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP16H05819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP17K08811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17K08811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP20H03482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20H03482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20K07466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K07466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004396","name":"The Thailand Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RSA5980054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSA5980054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001699","name":"Matsumae International Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017 Research Fellowship Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 Research Fellowship Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Intestinal parasitic infections, including those caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, are a persistent problem in rural areas of Thailand. The aims of this study were to identify pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and to analyze their genotypic diversity. Stool samples were collected from 1,233 students of three schools located in the Thai-Myanmar border region of Tak Province, Thailand. The prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection was measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers. Thirty-one (2.5%) positive cases were detected for\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>histolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 55 (4.5%) for\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>dispar<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 271 (22.0%) for\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Positive samples for\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>histolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>dispar<\/jats:italic>\n                    were exclusively obtained from a few school classes, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in all grades. No infections caused by\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>moshkovskii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>nuttalli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>chattoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>polecki<\/jats:italic>\n                    were detected in the students studied. The D-A locus of tRNA-linked short tandem repeats was analyzed in samples of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>histolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n = 13) and\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>dispar<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n = 47) to investigate their diversity and potential modes of transmission. Five genotypes of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>histolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 13 genotypes of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>dispar<\/jats:italic>\n                    were identified. Sequences of the D-A were divergent, but several unique genotypes were significantly prevalent in limited classes, indicating that intra-classroom transmission has occurred. As it was unlikely that infection would have been limited within school classes if the mode of transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>histolytica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>dispar<\/jats:italic>\n                    had been through the intake of contaminated drinking water or food, these results suggest a direct or indirect person-to-person transmission mode within school classes. Positive rates for three\n                    <jats:italic>Entamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    species were 2-fold higher in students who had siblings in the schools than in those without siblings, suggesting that transmission occurred even at home due to heavy contacts among siblings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T15:16:43Z","timestamp":1613661403000},"page":"e0009188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Analysis of D-A locus of tRNA-linked short tandem repeats reveals transmission of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar among students in the Thai-Myanmar border region of northwest Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4857-1713","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Urassaya","family":"Pattanawong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaturong","family":"Putaporntip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azumi","family":"Kakino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8771-6364","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Surasuk","family":"Yanmanee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somchai","family":"Jongwutiwes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1807-9090","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tachibana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009188.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2018.56.1.33","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors for infection among rural communities of Chachoengsao Province, Thailand","volume":"56","author":"P Suntaravitun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0009188.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.01.001","article-title":"Current prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and their impact on hematological and nutritional status among Karen hill tribe children in Omkoi District, Chiang Mai Province","volume":"180","author":"J Yanola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thailand. 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