{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:51:51Z","timestamp":1792788711065,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009262","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000}}],"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Prinses Margriet Fonds"},{"name":"Prinses Margriet Fonds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidemics are among the most costly and destructive natural hazards globally. To reduce the impacts of infectious disease outbreaks, the development of a risk index for infectious diseases can be effective, by shifting infectious disease control from emergency response to early detection and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, we introduce a methodology to construct and validate an epidemic risk index using only open data, with a specific focus on scalability. The external validation of our risk index makes use of distance sampling to correct for underreporting of infections, which is often a major source of biases, based on geographical accessibility to health facilities. We apply this methodology to assess the risk of dengue in the Philippines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The results show that the computed dengue risk correlates well with standard epidemiological metrics, i.e. dengue incidence (p = 0.002). Here, dengue risk constitutes of the two dimensions susceptibility and exposure. Susceptibility was particularly associated with dengue incidence (p = 0.048) and dengue case fatality rate (CFR) (p = 0.029). Exposure had lower correlations to dengue incidence (p = 0.193) and CFR (p = 0.162). Highest risk indices were seen in the south of the country, mainly among regions with relatively high susceptibility to dengue outbreaks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings reflect that the modelled epidemic risk index is a strong indication of sub-national dengue disease patterns and has therefore proven suitability for disease risk assessments in the absence of timely epidemiological data. The presented methodology enables the construction of a practical, evidence-based tool to support public health and humanitarian decision-making processes with simple, understandable metrics. The index overcomes the main limitations of existing indices in terms of construction and actionability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T13:36:20Z","timestamp":1643981780000},"page":"e0009262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Constructing and validating a transferable epidemic risk index in data scarce environments using open data: A case study for dengue in the Philippines"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2727-0540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fleur","family":"Hierink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4365-8614","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Margutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1436-254X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marc","family":"van den Homberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4696-5313","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref001","unstructured":"Harvard Global Health Institute. Global Monitoring of Disease Outbreak Preparedness: Preventing the Next Pandemic. 2018."},{"issue":"13","key":"pntd.0009262.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1600236","article-title":"The neglected dimension of global security\u2014a framework for countering infectious-disease crises","volume":"374","author":"P Sands","year":"2016","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"101","key":"pntd.0009262.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140950","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0950","article-title":"Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks","volume":"11","author":"KF Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface"},{"issue":"9857","key":"pntd.0009262.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61684-5","article-title":"Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis","volume":"380","author":"SS Morse","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref005","article-title":"Call for independent monitoring of disease outbreak preparedness","volume":"361","author":"O Jonas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00923-8","article-title":"Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases","volume":"8","author":"T Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref007","unstructured":"INFORM report 2020: Shared evidence for managing crisis and disaster. EUR 30173 EN. 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envhaz.2007.04.002","article-title":"Risk and vulnerability indicators at different scales: Applicability, usefulness and policy implications","volume":"7","author":"J Birkmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Hazards"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref009","unstructured":"Vernaccini L, Doherty B, Marin Ferrer M. INFORM Epidemic Risk Index: Support Collaborative Risk Assessment for health threats. Publications Office of the European Union. 2017."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref010","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. Mapping the risk and distribution of epidemics in the WHO African Region: a technical report. 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001157","article-title":"Assessing global preparedness for the next pandemic: development and application of an Epidemic Preparedness Index","volume":"4","author":"B Oppenheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fullerton LM, Dickin SK, Schuster-Wallace CJ. Mapping global vulnerability to dengue using the water associated disease index. United Nations University. 2014; p. 16\u201329.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2014.09.007"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009262.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063584","article-title":"Developing a vulnerability mapping methodology: applying the water-associated disease index to dengue in Malaysia","volume":"8","author":"SK Dickin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref014","unstructured":"Van Den Homberg, M., Visser, J., & Van Der Veen, M. (2017). Unpacking data preparedness from a humanitarian decision making perspective: Toward an assessment framework at subnational level. In Proc. Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM) Conference."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009262.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.17645\/pag.v8i4.3161","article-title":"The Legitimacy, Accountability, and Ownership of an Impact-Based Forecasting Model in Disaster Governance","volume":"8","author":"S Bierens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Politics and Governance"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2018.05.007","article-title":"Modelling the global spread of diseases: A review of current practice and capability","volume":"25","author":"MMI Walters CE HI Mesl\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref017","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (Eighth Edition)","year":"2015"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref018","first-page":"255","article-title":"Systems for prevention and control of epidemic emergencies","volume":"49","author":"P Conte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Ital"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-147","article-title":"Measuring underreporting and under-ascertainment in infectious disease datasets: a comparison of methods","volume":"14","author":"CL Gibbons","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0009262.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12333","article-title":"Dengue disease surveillance: an updated systematic literature review","volume":"19","author":"S Runge-Ranzinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref021","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World malaria report. 2018."},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0009262.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.13.45","article-title":"The silent threat: asymptomatic parasitemia and malaria transmission","volume":"11","author":"KA Lindblade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/07370016.2018.1404832","article-title":"Barriers to Health Care Access for Low Income Families: A Review of Literature","volume":"35","author":"M Lazar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0009262.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.6.424","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities in health care use: Does universal coverage reduce inequalities in health?","volume":"57","author":"PJ Veugelers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009262.ref025","article-title":"Spatial accessibility of primary care: concepts, methods and challenges","volume":"3","author":"MF Guagliardo","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-020-00209-1","article-title":"Distance sampling for epidemiology: an interactive tool for estimating under-reporting of cases from clinic data","volume":"19","author":"L Nelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"International journal of health geographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0244921","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244921","article-title":"The winding road to health: A systematic scoping review on the effect of geographical accessibility to health care on infectious diseases in low-and middle-income countries","volume":"16","author":"F Hierink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-7-63","article-title":"AccessMod 3.0: computing geographic coverage and accessibility to health care services using anisotropic movement of patients","volume":"7","author":"N Ray","year":"2008","journal-title":"International journal of health geographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007831","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007831","article-title":"The importance of vector control for the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases","volume":"14","author":"AL Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref030","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global vector control response 2017-2030. 2017."},{"issue":"10159","key":"pntd.0009262.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GA Roth","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref032","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ending the neglect to attain the sustainable development goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030. World Health Organization; 2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009262.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0488","article-title":"Disease burden of dengue in the Philippines: adjusting for underreporting by comparing active and passive dengue surveillance in Punta Princesa, Cebu City","volume":"96","author":"EA Undurraga","year":"2017","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009262.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2771","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002771","article-title":"Prediction of high incidence of dengue in the Philippines","volume":"8","author":"AL Buczak","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0009262.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3027","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003027","article-title":"Epidemiology of dengue disease in the Philippines (2000\u20132011): a systematic literature review","volume":"8","author":"L Bravo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0009262.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00146-8","article-title":"The global economic burden of dengue: a systematic analysis","volume":"16","author":"DS Shepard","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet infectious diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009262.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007280","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007280","article-title":"Trends in dengue research in the Philippines: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"KA Agrupis","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5532-4","article-title":"Meteorological factors affecting dengue incidence in Davao, Philippines","volume":"18","author":"JA Iguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1080\/17513758.2018.1535096","article-title":"Dengue in the Philippines: model and analysis of parameters affecting transmission","volume":"12","author":"AA de los Reyes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of biological dynamics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881600203X","article-title":"Effect of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on dengue fever and leptospirosis infections in Manila, the Philippines","volume":"145","author":"A Sumi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref041","unstructured":"Philippines statistics authority. Provincial summary: number of provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays by region, as of 30 June 2017. Accessed: 26 January 2021."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref042","unstructured":"Philippine Statistics Authority and ICF. Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey 2017. 2018."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref043","unstructured":"Republic of the Philippines Department of Health\u2014Statistics."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009262.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30852\/sb.2018.480","article-title":"Mapping of dengue vulnerability in the Mekong Delta region of Viet Nam using a water-associated disease index and remote sensing approach","volume":"8","author":"N Pham","year":"2018","journal-title":"APN Science Bulletin"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08347","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.08347","article-title":"The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus","volume":"4","author":"MUG Kraemer","year":"2015","journal-title":"elife"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref046","unstructured":"Facebook Connectivity Lab and Center for International Earth Science Information Network\u2014CIESIN\u2014Columbia University. Philippines: High Resolution Population Density Maps + Demographic Estimates."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(02)90072-X","article-title":"Effect of age on outcome of secondary dengue 2 infections","volume":"6","author":"M Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2002","journal-title":"International journal of infectious diseases: IJID: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009262.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.055921","article-title":"The Effect of Poverty and Caregiver Education on Perceived Need and Access to Health Services Among Children With Special Health Care Needs","volume":"97","author":"SL Porterfield","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref049","first-page":"1","article-title":"Population Density, Water Supply, and the Risk of Dengue Fever in Vietnam: Cohort Study and Spatial Analysis","volume":"8","author":"W-P Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"issue":"405","key":"pntd.0009262.ref050","first-page":"564","article-title":"Solid Wastes Provide Breeding Sites, Burrows, and Food for Biological Disease Vectors, and Urban Zoonotic Reservoirs: A Call to Action for Solutions-Based Research","volume":"7","author":"A Krystosik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0009262.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138082","article-title":"Household Wastes as Larval Habitats of Dengue Vectors: Comparison between Urban and Rural Areas of Kolkata, India","volume":"10","author":"S Banerjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref052","unstructured":"The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1425.011","article-title":"Poverty and access to health care in developing countries","volume":"1136","author":"DH Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0009262.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013059","article-title":"Are differences in travel time or distance to healthcare for adults in global north countries associated with an impact on health outcomes? A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"C Kelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009262.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00035-09","article-title":"Dengue virus pathogenesis: an integrated view","volume":"22","author":"BE Martina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical microbiology reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009262.ref056","first-page":"311","article-title":"Observations related to pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. IV. Relation of disease severity to antibody response and virus recovered","volume":"42","author":"SB Halstead","year":"1970","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref057","unstructured":"Philippines Statistics Authority. 2015 Census of Population. 2015."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref058","unstructured":"Philippines Statistics Authority. OpenSTAT. 2015."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref059","unstructured":"UN OCHA. https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/philippines-pre-disaster-indicators. 2019."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref060","unstructured":"UN OCHA. Philippines: Health workers by profession and geographical location. 2018."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref061","unstructured":"Philippines Center for Investigative Journalism. Dengue, doctors, hospital beds: Ne\u2019er the twain shall meet? 2019."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref062","unstructured":"Buchhorn M, Smets B, Bertels L, Lesiv M, Tsendbazar NE, Herold M, et al. Copernicus Global Land Service: Land Cover 100m: Epoch 2015: Globe. Version V2 02. 2019."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref063","unstructured":"Jarvis A. Hole-field seamless SRTM data, International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). http:\/\/srtm.csi.cgiar.org. 2008."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref064","unstructured":"Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT). Philippines (north) Roads, accessed: 19 July 2020."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref065","unstructured":"Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT). Philippines (south) Roads, accessed: 19 July 2020."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref066","unstructured":"Open Mapping at Facebook. AI-Assisted Road Tracing: Philippines, accessed: 19 July 2020."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref067","unstructured":"OpenStreetMap Wiki. Key: Highway, accessed: 19 July 2020."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref068","unstructured":"Geoportal Philippines. National Health Facility Registry (NHFR) of the Department of Health, accessed: 30 April 2020."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buckland ST, Anderson DR, Burnham KP, Laake JLee, Borchers DL, Thomas L, et al. Introduction to distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. 2001.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198506492.001.0001"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009262.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0139","article-title":"Economic cost and burden of dengue in the Philippines","volume":"92","author":"FE Edillo","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref071","unstructured":"Republic of the Philippines Department of Health\u2014Dengue."},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref072","unstructured":"National Epidemiology Center\u2014Philippines Department of Health. Manual of Procedures for the Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response. 2014."},{"issue":"17095","key":"pntd.0009262.ref073","article-title":"The burden of submicroscopic and asymptomatic malaria in India revealed from epidemiology studies at three varied transmission sites in India","volume":"9","author":"AM van Eijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref074","article-title":"Contributions from the silent majority dominate dengue virus transmission","author":"QA ten Bosch","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"issue":"42","key":"pntd.0009262.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13069","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501375112","article-title":"Region-wide synchrony and traveling waves of dengue across eight countries in Southeast Asia","volume":"112","author":"WG Van Panhuis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"pntd.0009262.ref076","unstructured":"Strachan AL. Conflict analysis of Muslim Mindanao. GSDRC, University of Birmingham. 2015."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009262","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T18:23:04Z","timestamp":1726597384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009262"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Indika","family":"Gawarammana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009262","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.02.23.432447","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]}}}