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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a major role in regulating gene expression in key biological processes. We analyzed the expression profile of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    miRNAs throughout metacestode development\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , determined the spatial expression of miR-71 in metacestodes cultured\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and predicted miRNA targets. Small cDNA libraries from different samples of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were sequenced. We confirmed the expression of 37 miRNAs in\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    being some of them absent in the host, such as miR-71. We found a few miRNAs highly expressed in all life cycle stages and conditions analyzed, whereas most miRNAs showed very low expression. The most expressed miRNAs were miR-71, miR-9, let-7, miR-10, miR-4989 and miR-1. The high expression of these miRNAs was conserved in other tapeworms, suggesting essential roles in development, survival, or host-parasite interaction. We found highly regulated miRNAs during the different transitions or cultured conditions analyzed, which might suggest a role in the regulation of developmental timing, host-parasite interaction, and\/or in maintaining the unique developmental features of each developmental stage or condition. We determined that miR-71 is expressed in germinative cells and in other cell types of the germinal layer in\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    metacestodes cultured\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . MiRNA target prediction of the most highly expressed miRNAs and\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    functional analysis suggested conserved and essential roles for these miRNAs in parasite biology. We found relevant targets potentially involved in development, cell growth and death, lifespan regulation, transcription, signal transduction and cell motility. The evolutionary conservation and expression analyses of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    miRNAs throughout metacestode development along with the\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    functional analyses of their predicted targets might help to identify selective therapeutic targets for treatment and control of AE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T13:30:21Z","timestamp":1616419821000},"page":"e0009297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Expression profiling of Echinococcus multilocularis miRNAs throughout metacestode development in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"Macchiaroli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Preza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8413-1662","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mat\u00edas Gast\u00f3n","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kamenetzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1357-9210","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcela","family":"Cucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uriel","family":"Koziol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estela","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9581-0377","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew","family":"Berriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6768-824X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Klaus","family":"Brehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5271-6321","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mara Cecilia","family":"Rosenzvit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009297.ref001","first-page":"408","article-title":"Review of \u201cEchinococcus and Echinococcosis, Part A.\u201dParasit Vectors","volume":"10","author":"A. 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