{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T11:13:46Z","timestamp":1780917226923,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009314","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000}}],"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["L2P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2P2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> is a soil-transmitted helminth (STH) that affects approximately 600 million people worldwide. Interventions targeting <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> have not been implemented yet. Specific treatment (ivermectin) could be included in already ongoing preventive chemotherapy (PC) campaigns targeting other STHs. The aim of this study was to estimate the quantity of ivermectin needed for an integrated STH\/<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> control program.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methododology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study estimates the number of school- age children (SAC) (the main focus of STH deworming campaigns) in need of PC with ivermectin. The normal approximation of the binomial distribution was adopted to calculate the hypothetical prevalence distribution in each endemic country. Considering prevalence thresholds for PC equal to 10%, 15%, and 20%, we estimated the number of SAC in need of treatment. We adjusted the estimates accounting for ivermectin distributed in lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis elimination programs and excluded from our calculation areas where <jats:italic>Loa loa<\/jats:italic> is endemic.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>The global number of SAC that should be targeted in PC campaigns was estimated at 283.9 M (95% CI: 163.4\u2013368.8), 207.2 M (95% CI: 160.9\u2013380.7), and 160.7 M (95% CI: 86.6\u2013225.7) when the threshold for intervention was set to 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. India, China, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Nigeria accounted for about 50% of the global SAC would have to be covered by PC intervention.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our analysis may support endemic countries to evaluate the ivermectin quantity needed for integrating strongyloidiasis in the existing STH programs. These estimates might also show to generic drug manufacturers the size of the potential market for ivermectin and encourage its production.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T10:55:30Z","timestamp":1618570530000},"page":"e0009314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preventive chemotherapy for the control of strongyloidiasis in school-age children: Estimating the ivermectin need"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Donal","family":"Bisanzio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Montresor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5710-1556","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Reithinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8853-8443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paola","family":"Rodari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9530-8742","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zeno","family":"Bisoffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0108-6822","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dora","family":"Buonfrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009314.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13050517","article-title":"Strongyloidiasis: A Disease of Socioeconomic Disadvantage","volume":"13","author":"M Beknazarova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pntd.0009314.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060468","article-title":"The Global Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection","volume":"9","author":"D Buonfrate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"pntd.0009314.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000834","article-title":"Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and other related Strongyloides species","volume":"144","author":"TB Nutman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"pntd.0009314.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.013","article-title":"Preventive chemotherapy in human helminthiasis: theoretical and operational aspects","volume":"105","author":"AF Gabrielli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0009314.ref005","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schistosomiasis and soiltransmitted helminthiases: numbers of people treated in"},{"key":"pntd.0009314.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2165","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002165","article-title":"A public health response against Strongyloides stercoralis: time to look at soil-transmitted helminthiasis in full","volume":"7","author":"AJ Krolewiecki","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0009314.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.04.001","article-title":"Novel approaches to the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection","volume":"21","author":"D Buonfrate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"pntd.0009314.ref008","unstructured":"diseases WDocont 2030 targets for soil-transmitted helminthiases control programmes. https:\/\/www.who.int\/intestinal_worms\/resources\/9789240000315\/en\/."},{"key":"pntd.0009314.ref009","unstructured":"diseases WDocont (2020) 2030 targets for soil-transmitted helminthiases control programmes. 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