{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:02:04Z","timestamp":1791658924971,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009324","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000}}],"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81660349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81660349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Important Scientific and Technology Project","award":["2018ZX10101002-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10101002-002"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project in Qinghai Province","award":["2019-ZJ-7074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-ZJ-7074"]}]},{"name":"National Health Commission Project for Key Laboratory of Plague Prevention and Control","award":["2019PT310004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019PT310004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Streptomycin is considered to be one of the effective antibiotics for the treatment of plague. In order to investigate the streptomycin resistance of <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pestis<\/jats:italic> in China, we evaluated streptomycin susceptibility of 536 <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pestis<\/jats:italic> strains in China <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and screened streptomycin resistance-associated genes (<jats:italic>strA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>strB<\/jats:italic>) by PCR method. A clinical <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pestis<\/jats:italic> isolate (S19960127) exhibited high-level resistance to streptomycin (the MIC was 4,096 mg\/L). The strain (biovar antiqua) was isolated from a pneumonic plague outbreak in 1996 in Tibet Autonomous Region, China, belonging to the <jats:italic>Marmota himalayana<\/jats:italic> Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau plague focus. In contrast to previously reported streptomycin resistance mediated by conjugative plasmids, the genome sequencing and allelic replacement experiments demonstrated that an <jats:italic>rpsL<\/jats:italic> gene (ribosomal protein S12) mutation with substitution of amino-acid 43 (K43R) was responsible for the high-level resistance to streptomycin in strain S19960127, which is consistent with the mutation reported in some streptomycin-resistant <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> strains. Streptomycin is used as the first-line treatment against plague in many countries. The emergence of streptomycin resistance in <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pestis<\/jats:italic> represents a critical public health problem. So streptomycin susceptibility monitoring of <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pestis<\/jats:italic> isolates should not only include plasmid-mediated resistance but also include the ribosomal protein S12 gene (<jats:italic>rpsL<\/jats:italic>) mutation, especially when treatment failure is suspected due to antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T20:21:32Z","timestamp":1619122892000},"page":"e0009324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["A novel mechanism of streptomycin resistance in Yersinia pestis: Mutation in the rpsL 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