{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:51:52Z","timestamp":1783597912848,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215685\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215685\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215685\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215685\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cholera is an acute, diarrheal disease caused by<jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1 or 139 that is associated with a high global burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed the estimated duration of immunity following cholera infection from available published studies. We searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies of the long-term immunity following cholera infection. We identified 22 eligible studies and categorized them as either observational, challenge, or serological.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found strong evidence of protection at 3 years after infection in observational and challenge studies. However, serological studies show that elevated humoral markers of potential correlates of protection returned to baseline within 1 year. Additionally, a subclinical cholera infection may confer lower protection than a clinical one, as suggested by 3 studies that found that, albeit with small sample sizes, most participants with a subclinical infection from an initial challenge with cholera had a symptomatic infection when rechallenged with a homologous biotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review underscores the need to elucidate potential differences in the protection provided by clinical and subclinical cholera infections. Further, more studies are warranted to bridge the gap between the correlates of protection and cholera immunity. Understanding the duration of natural immunity to cholera can help guide control strategies and policy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T17:25:56Z","timestamp":1621531556000},"page":"e0009383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Protection afforded by previous Vibrio cholerae infection against subsequent disease and infection: A review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9075-4134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tiffany","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4495-7245","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Matrajt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"34","key":"pntd.0009383.ref001","first-page":"477","article-title":"Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper\u2013August 2017","volume":"92","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0009383.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2204","article-title":"Cholera transmission: The host. pathogen and bacteriophage dynamic","volume":"7","author":"EJ Nelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"10101","key":"pntd.0009383.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30559-7","article-title":"Cholera","volume":"390","author":"JD Clemens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009383.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998","article-title":"Epidemiology, genetics, and ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae","volume":"62","author":"SM Faruque","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0009383.ref005","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Cholera [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Nov 3]. 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