{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:03:39Z","timestamp":1793711019600,"version":"4.6.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009414","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622678400000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K01AI139284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K01AI139284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI146129-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI146129-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In Latin America, there has been tremendous progress towards eliminating canine rabies. Major components of rabies elimination programs leading to these successes have been constant and regular surveillance for rabid dogs and uninterrupted yearly mass dog vaccination campaigns. Unfortunately, vital measures to control COVID-19 have had the negative trade-off of jeopardizing these rabies elimination and prevention activities. We aimed to assess the effect of interrupting canine rabies surveillance and mass dog vaccination campaigns on rabies trends. We built a deterministic compartment model of dog rabies dynamics to create a conceptual framework for how different disruptions may affect rabies virus transmission. We parameterized the model for conditions found in Arequipa, Peru, a city with active rabies virus transmission. We examined our results over a range of plausible values for R\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    (1.36\u20132.0). Also, we prospectively evaluated surveillance data during the pandemic to detect temporal changes. Our model suggests that a decrease in canine vaccination coverage as well as decreased surveillance could lead to a sharp rise in canine rabies within months. These results were consistent over all plausible values of R\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Surveillance data from late 2020 and early 2021 confirms that in Arequipa, Peru, rabies cases are on an increasing trajectory. The rising rabies trends in Arequipa, if indicative to the region as whole, suggest that the achievements made in Latin America towards the elimination of dog-mediated human rabies may be in jeopardy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T13:37:35Z","timestamp":1621604255000},"page":"e0009414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rabies reemergence in Latin America: The case of Arequipa, Peru"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5386-414X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brinkley","family":"Raynor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvis W.","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianna","family":"Shinnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Zegarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5311-4031","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ynes","family":"Monroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4922-7794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudia","family":"Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6668-5442","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Micaela","family":"De la Puente-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-3764","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael Z.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6629-2139","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Castillo-Neyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009414.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.004","article-title":"Current and future tools for global canine rabies elimination","volume":"100","author":"R Franka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"pntd.0009414.ref002","volume-title":"PAHO\/WHO | World Rabies Day: Latin America and the Caribbean on the cusp of eliminating rabies deaths","author":"O Reyes","year":"2019"},{"key":"pntd.0009414.ref003","first-page":"368","article-title":"Progress towards eliminating canine rabies: policies and perspectives from Latin America and the Caribbean","author":"MAN Vigilato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0009414.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.02.014","article-title":"Rationale and support for a One Health program for canine vaccination as the most cost-effective means of controlling zoonotic rabies in endemic settings","volume":"35","author":"RP Lavan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pntd.0009414.ref005","first-page":"596","article-title":"Transmission dynamics and cost-effectiveness of rabies control in dogs and humans in an African city","volume":"71","author":"J Zinsstag","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Trop Rev Corps Sante Colon"},{"key":"pntd.0009414.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006367","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006367","article-title":"Bolstering human rabies surveillance in Africa is crucial to eliminating canine-mediated rabies","volume":"12","author":"A Broban","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0009414.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2012.10.008","article-title":"Surveillance guidelines for disease elimination: A case study of canine rabies","volume":"36","author":"SE Townsend","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0009414.ref008","volume-title":"WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: second report","author":"WHO","year":"2013"},{"key":"pntd.0009414.ref009","volume-title":"Protocolos de Vigilancia Epidemiol\u00f3gica Enfermedades Zoon\u00f3ticas","author":"Departamento de epidemiologia","year":"2018"},{"key":"pntd.0009414.ref010","unstructured":"PAHO. 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