{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:58:31Z","timestamp":1787313511191,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009440","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000}}],"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["250443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["250443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008119","name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008119","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes are vectors for several major arboviruses of public health concern including dengue viruses. The relationships between\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      infestation and disease transmission are complex wherein the epidemiological dynamics can be difficult to discern because of a lack of robust and sensitive indicators for predicting transmission risk. This study investigates the use of anti-\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      saliva antibodies as a serological biomarker for\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquito bites to assess small scale variations in adult\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      density and dengue virus (DENV) transmission risk in northeastern Thailand. Individual characteristics, behaviors\/occupation and socio-demographics, climatic and epidemiological risk factors associated with human-mosquito exposure are also addressed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was conducted within a randomized clustered control trial in Roi Et and Khon Kaen provinces over a consecutive 19 months period. Thirty-six (36) clusters were selected, each of ten houses. Serological and entomological surveys were conducted in all houses every four months and monthly in three sentinel households per cluster between September 2017 and April 2019 for blood spot collections and recording concurrent immature and adult\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      indices. Additionally, the human exposure to\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquito bites (i.e., Mosquito Exposure Index or MEI) was estimated by ELISA measuring levels of human antibody response to the specific Nterm-34 kDa salivary antigen. The relationships between the MEI, vector infestation indices (adult and immature stages) and vector DENV infection were evaluated using a two-level (house and individual levels) mixed model analysis with one-month lag autoregressive correlation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a strong positive relationship between the MEI and adult\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      (indoor and outdoor) density. Individuals from households with a medium mosquito density (mean difference: 0.091, p&lt;0.001) and households with a high mosquito density (mean difference: 0.131, p&lt;0.001) had higher MEI\u2019s compared to individuals from households without\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      . On a similar trend, individuals from households with a low, medium or high indoor\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      densities (mean difference: 0.021, p&lt;0.007, 0.053, p&lt;0.0001 and 0.037, p&lt;0.0001 for low, medium and high levels of infestation, respectively) had higher MEI than individuals from houses without indoor\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The MEI was driven by individual characteristics, such as gender, age and occupation\/behaviors, and varied according to climatic, seasonal factors and vector control intervention (p&lt;0.05). Nevertheless, the study did not demonstrate a clear correlation between MEI and the presence of DENV-infected\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study represents an important step toward the validation of the specific IgG response to the\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      salivary peptide Nterm-34kDa as a proxy measure for\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      infestation levels and human-mosquito exposure risk in a dengue endemic setting. The use of the IgG response to the Nterm-34 kDa peptide as a viable diagnostic tool for estimating dengue transmission requires further investigations and validation in other geographical and transmission settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T15:52:54Z","timestamp":1622130774000},"page":"e0009440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Serological biomarker for assessing human exposure to Aedes mosquito bites during a randomized vector control intervention trial in northeastern Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7032-7311","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benedicte","family":"Fustec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thipruethai","family":"Phanitchat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4320-1166","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sirinart","family":"Aromseree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2797-043X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chamsai","family":"Pientong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kesorn","family":"Thaewnongiew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2406-2356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tipaya","family":"Ekalaksananan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8893-2088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominique","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2921-4486","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anne","family":"Poinsignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0002-1042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric","family":"Elguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5392-0797","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Bangs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6707-7876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neal","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7604-3785","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hans J.","family":"Overgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Corbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009440.ref001","article-title":"The global distribution and burden of dengue","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pntd.0009440.ref002","volume-title":"Dengue guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009440.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1973.22.82","article-title":"Dengue hemorrhagic fever\u2014do we know its cause?","volume":"22","author":"WM Hammon","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0009440.ref004","unstructured":"Bureau of Epidemiology, Thailand MoPH. 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