{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:35:13Z","timestamp":1779888913717,"version":"3.53.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009480","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000}}],"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012155","name":"National Institute for Medical Research Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["982936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["982936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The microbial flora associated with <jats:italic>Hyalomma anatolicum<\/jats:italic> ticks was investigated using culture-dependent (CD) and independent (next generation sequencing, NGS) methods. The bacterial profiles of different organs, development stages, sexes, and of host cattle skins were analyzed using the CD method. The egg and female gut microbiota were investigated using NGS. Fourteen distinct bacterial strains were identified using the CD method, of which <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> predominated in eggs, larval guts and in adult female and male guts, suggesting probable transovarial transmission. <jats:italic>Bacillus velezensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>subtilis<\/jats:italic> were identified in cattle skin and tick samples, suggesting that skin is the origin of tick bacteria. <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>anatolicum<\/jats:italic> males harbour lower bacterial diversity and composition than females. The NGS analysis revealed five different bacterial phyla across all samples, Proteobacteria contributing to &gt;95% of the bacteria. In all, 56611sequences were generated representing 6,023 OTUs per female gut and 421 OTUs per egg. Francisellaceae family and <jats:italic>Francisella<\/jats:italic> make up the vast majority of the OTUs. Our findings are consistent with interference between <jats:italic>Francisella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>. The CD method identified bacteria, such <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>subtilis<\/jats:italic> that are candidates for vector control intervention approaches such paratransgenesis whereas NGS revealed high <jats:italic>Francisella<\/jats:italic> spp. prevalence, indicating that integrated methods are more accurate to characterize microbial community and diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T18:21:33Z","timestamp":1623262893000},"page":"e0009480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["An integrated overview of the bacterial flora composition of Hyalomma anatolicum, the main vector of CCHF"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nayyereh","family":"Choubdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fateh","family":"Karimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7443-9230","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mona","family":"Koosha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3004-0364","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Oshaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009480.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2009.12.001","article-title":"Ticks: physiological aspects with implications for pathogen transmission","volume":"1","author":"WR Kaufman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009480.ref002","first-page":"137","article-title":"Vectors of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Iran","volume":"9","author":"Z Telmadarraiy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009480.ref003","first-page":"381","article-title":"Molecular assay on Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks (Ixodidae) collected from Kermanshah Province, western Iran.","volume":"10","author":"M Mohammadian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009480.ref004","first-page":"268","article-title":"Effect of Meteorological Factors on Hyalomma Species Composition and Their Host Preference, Seasonal Prevalence and Infection Status to Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in Iran","volume":"13","author":"N Choubdar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009480.ref005","first-page":"164","article-title":"Detection of naturally infected vector ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) by different species of Babesia and Theileria agents from three different enzootic parts of Iran","volume":"7","author":"M. 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