{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:54:59Z","timestamp":1791287699839,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. DoD Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division (AFHSD) \/ Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch","award":["ProMIS ID P0106_18_N6_05 for FY2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0106_18_N6_05 for FY2018"]}]},{"name":"U.S. DoD Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division (AFHSD) \/ Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch","award":["ProMIS ID P0143_19_N6_04 for FY2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0143_19_N6_04 for FY2019"]}]},{"name":"Advanced Medical Development Program Proposal UID3"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Peru, the information regarding sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis and bartonellosis in the Amazon region is limited. In this study, we carried out sand fly collections in Peruvian lowland and highland jungle areas using different trap type configurations and screened them for<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>DNA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phlebotomine sand flies were collected in Peruvian Amazon jungle and inter Andean regions using CDC light trap, UV and color LED traps, Mosquito Magnet trap, BG Sentinel trap, and a Shannon trap placed outside the houses.<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>spp. screening was performed by kDNA PCR and confirmed by a nested cytochrome B gene (<jats:italic>cytB<\/jats:italic>) PCR.<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>spp. screening was performed by ITS PCR and confirmed by citrate synthase gene (<jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic>). The PCR amplicons were sequenced to identify<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>species.<\/jats:p><jats:p>UV and Blue LED traps collected the highest average number of sand flies per hour in low jungle; UV, Mosquito Magnet and Shannon traps in high jungle; and Mosquito Magnet in inter Andean region.<jats:italic>Leishmania guyanensis<\/jats:italic>in<jats:italic>Lutzomyia carrerai carrerai<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>naiffi<\/jats:italic>in<jats:italic>Lu<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>hirsuta hirsuta<\/jats:italic>were identified based on<jats:italic>cytB<\/jats:italic>sequencing.<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>spp. related to<jats:italic>Bartonella bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>in<jats:italic>Lu<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>whitmani<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Lu<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>nevesi<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Lu<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>hirsuta hirsuta<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Lu<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>sherlocki<\/jats:italic>, and a<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>sp. related to<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>B. rondoniensis in<jats:italic>Lu<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>nevesi<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Lu<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>maranonensis<\/jats:italic>were identified based on<jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic>gene sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>UV, Blue LED, Mosquito Magnet and Shannon traps were more efficient than the BG-Sentinel, Green, and Red LED traps. This is the first report of<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>naiffi<\/jats:italic>and of two genotypes of<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>spp. related to<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>B. rondoniensis infecting sand fly species from the Amazon region in Peru.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T17:27:12Z","timestamp":1626283632000},"page":"e0009517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Comparison of sand fly trapping approaches for vector surveillance of Leishmania and Bartonella species in ecologically distinct, endemic regions of Peru"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2194-9867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Victor O.","family":"Zorrilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7942-7020","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marisa E.","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liz J.","family":"Espada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kosoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6149-0598","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clifton","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-5667","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hugo O.","family":"Valdivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3252-6301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heriberto","family":"Arevalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Troyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Stoops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gissella M.","family":"V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009517.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA285737","volume-title":"Guide to the identification and geographic distribution of Lutzomyia sand flies in Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America (Diptera: Psychodidae)","author":"D Young","year":"1994"},{"key":"pntd.0009517.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153557","article-title":"Biology of phlebotomine sand flies as vectors of disease agents","volume":"58","author":"PD Ready","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"pntd.0009517.ref003","volume-title":"Biology, taxonomy, medical importance and control","author":"E Rangel","year":"2018"},{"key":"pntd.0009517.ref004","article-title":"Do different LED colors influence sand fly collection by light trap in the Mediterranean?.","author":"G Gaglio","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"pntd.0009517.ref005","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/leishmaniasis; https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/topics\/leishmaniasis"},{"key":"pntd.0009517.ref006","unstructured":"Ministerio de Salud Peru. 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