{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:03:47Z","timestamp":1792260227701,"version":"4.4.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009561","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000}}],"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1153928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1153928"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Preventive chemotherapy is the cornerstone of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control. Long-term outcomes and adequate treatment frequency of the recently recommended albendazole-ivermectin have not been studied to date.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Double-blind randomized controlled trials were conducted in Lao PDR, Pemba Island, Tanzania and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire between 2018 and 2020 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ivermectin-albendazole <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> albendazole-placebo in <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura-<\/jats:italic>infected individuals aged 6 to 60. In the framework of this study, in Lao PDR 466 and 413 participants and on Pemba Island, 558 and 515 participants were followed-up six and 12 months post-treatment, respectively. From each participant at least one stool sample was processed for Kato-Katz diagnosis and cure rates (CRs), egg reduction rates (ERRs) and apparent reinfection rates were calculated. If found helminth-positive at six months, participants were re-treated according to their allocated treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Long-term outcomes against <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trichiura<\/jats:italic> based on CRs and ERRs of ivermectin-albendazole compared to albendazole were significantly higher at six months in Lao PDR (CR, 65.8 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 13.4%, difference; 52.4; 95% CI 45.0\u201360.0; ERRs, 99.0 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 79.6, difference 19.4; 95% CI 14.4\u201324.4) and Pemba Island (CR, 17.8 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 1.4%, difference; 16.4; 95% CI 11.6\u201321.0; ERRs, 84.9 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 21.2, difference 63.8; 95% CI 50.6\u201376.9) and also at 12 months in Lao PDR (CR, 74.0 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 23.4%, difference; 50.6; 95% CI 42.6\u201361.0; ERRs, 99.6 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 91.3, difference 8.3; 95% CI 5.7\u201310.8) and Pemba Island (CR, 19.5 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 3.4%, difference; 16.1; 95% CI 10.7\u201321.5; ERRs, 92.9 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 53.6, difference 39.3; 95% CI 31.2\u201347.4) respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Apparent reinfection rates with <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trichiura<\/jats:italic> were considerably higher on Pemba Island (100.0%, 95% CI, 29.2\u2013100.0) than in Lao PDR (10.0%, 95% CI, 0.2\u201344.5) at 12 months post-treatment for participants treated with albendazole alone.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The long-term outcomes against <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trichiura<\/jats:italic> of ivermectin-albendazole are superior to albendazole in terms of CRs and ERRs and in reducing infection intensities. Our results will help to guide decisions on how to best use ivermectin-albendazole in the context of large-scale PC programs tailored to the local context to sustainably control STH infections.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov registered with clinicaltrials.gov, reference: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03527732\" xlink:type=\"simple\">NCT03527732<\/jats:ext-link>, date assigned: 17 May 2018.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T17:51:29Z","timestamp":1625075489000},"page":"e0009561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Long-term outcomes of ivermectin-albendazole versus 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