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The proportion of infections with detectable gametocytes per survey ranged from 44\u201394% for <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic> and from 23\u201372% for <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>. Blood-stage parasite density was the most important predictor of the probability to detect gametocytes. In moderate transmission settings (prevalence by qPCR&gt;5%), parasite density decreased with age and the majority of gametocyte carriers were children. In low transmission settings (prevalence&lt;5%), &gt;65% of gametocyte carriers were adults. Per survey, 37\u2013100% of all individuals positive for gametocytes by RT-qPCR were positive by light microscopy for asexual stages or gametocytes (overall: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic> 178\/348, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic> 235\/398).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Interventions to reduce human-to-mosquito malaria transmission in moderate-high endemicity settings will have the greatest impact when children are targeted. In contrast, all age groups need to be included in control activities in low endemicity settings to achieve elimination. Detection of infections by light microscopy is a valuable tool to identify asymptomatic blood stage infections that likely contribute most to ongoing transmission at the time of sampling.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T17:38:15Z","timestamp":1630085895000},"page":"e0009672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Identification of the asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte reservoir under different transmission 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