{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:36:12Z","timestamp":1792802172808,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009705","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630540800000}}],"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008176","name":"Cummings Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008176","name":"Cummings Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008176","name":"Cummings Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c8tz716","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c8tz716","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c8tz716","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"university of rwanda-sweden program","award":["51160027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51160027"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00286hs46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Government of Rwanda reported an outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in the Eastern Province in 2018. To respond to the outbreak, vaccination and education campaigns about the disease were carried out. Because RVF cases continue to be detected in Rwanda and the disease impacts livelihoods and health, accurate knowledge and communication are imperative. The objectives of this study were to evaluate knowledge and risk perceptions of RVF transmission among livestock farmers in Nyagatare District, Eastern Province, Rwanda, and to compare RVF knowledge, risk perceptions, and farming practices between male and female livestock farmers. This cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted in selected sectors of Nyagatare District in the Eastern Province of Rwanda in June 2019. A 34-question survey was used to ask about demographics, livestock ownership, risk perceptions about zoonotic diseases and livestock management, RVF knowledge, preferred communication sources and information sharing strategies, and protective strategies for RVF mitigation while working with livestock. Livestock farmers were interviewed at three milk collection centers, two village meeting points, a farm cooperative meeting, and during door-to-door visits in villages. In total, 123 livestock farmers were interviewed. The survey found that most livestock farmers lacked knowledge about epizootic and zoonotic transmission of RVF, more male livestock farmers were familiar with RVF and risk mitigation strategies, and female livestock farmers are not viewed as reliable sources of information. Additionally, most livestock farmers had not vaccinated their animals against RVF despite past vaccination campaigns. Radio was the most popular communication channel. These findings show that RVF knowledge and information sharing are inadequate among livestock farmers in Eastern Province. Therefore, vaccination and education campaigns may need to be reevaluated within the context of these trends in order to prepare for future RVF outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T13:51:20Z","timestamp":1629726680000},"page":"e0009705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Rift Valley fever knowledge, mitigation strategies and communication preferences among male and female livestock farmers in Eastern Province, Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lindsay J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6122-5332","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janna M.","family":"Schurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eurade","family":"Ntakiyisumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3299-4658","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anselme","family":"Shyaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4926-2661","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janetrix Hellen","family":"Amuguni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009705.ref001","article-title":"The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal","author":"E Javelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009705.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000765","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus: strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes","volume":"98","author":"S Lumley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"pntd.0009705.ref003","volume-title":"Health Alert: Kigali (Rwanda), Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in East Province","author":"Overseas Advisory Council","year":"2018"},{"key":"pntd.0009705.ref004","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Rwanda Animal Health Report","author":"Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board","year":"2020"},{"key":"pntd.0009705.ref005","unstructured":"OIE World Animal Health Information System. 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