{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:01:26Z","timestamp":1790744486316,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009725","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633305600000}}],"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection"},{"name":"National Research Agency under the \u201cInvestissements d\u2019avenir\u201d programme","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"]}]},{"name":"R\u00e9gion Provence Alpes C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur"},{"name":"European FEDER PRIMI"},{"name":"Institute of Research and Development","award":["Jeune Equipe Associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019IRD (JEAI), ESBILH-SEN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Jeune Equipe Associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019IRD (JEAI), ESBILH-SEN"]}]},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection","award":["PhD scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD scholarship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Freshwater snails of the genera <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Oncomelania<\/jats:italic> are intermediate hosts of schistosomes that cause human schistosomiasis, one of the most significant infectious neglected diseases in the world. Identification of freshwater snails is usually based on morphology and potentially DNA-based methods, but these have many drawbacks that hamper their use. MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionised clinical microbiology and has emerged in the medical entomology field. This study aims to evaluate MALDI-TOF MS profiling for the identification of both frozen and ethanol-stored snail species using protein extracts from different body parts. A total of 530 field specimens belonging to nine species (<jats:italic>Biomphalaria pfeifferi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bulinus forskalii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bulinus senegalensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bulinus truncatus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bulinus globosu<\/jats:italic>s, <jats:italic>Bellamya unicolor<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cleopatra bulimoides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lymnaea natalensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Melanoides tuberculata<\/jats:italic>) and 89 laboratory-reared specimens, including three species (<jats:italic>Bi<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pfeifferi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bu<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>forskalii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bu<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>truncatus<\/jats:italic>) were used for this study. For frozen snails, the feet of 127 field and 74 laboratory-reared specimens were used to validate the optimised MALDI-TOF MS protocol. The spectral analysis yielded intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity which resulted in the correct identification of all the specimens in blind queries, with log-score values greater than 1.7. In a second step, we demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could also be used to identify ethanol-stored snails using proteins extracted from the foot using a specific database including a large number of ethanol preserved specimens. This study shows for the first time that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable tool for the rapid identification of frozen and ethanol-stored freshwater snails without any malacological expertise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T17:30:27Z","timestamp":1631554227000},"page":"e0009725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of freshwater snails from Senegal, including intermediate hosts of schistosomes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fatima Zohra","family":"Hamlili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4845-3714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fatou","family":"Thiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Laroche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adama Zan","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5250-9405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Souleymane","family":"Doucour\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Papa Mouhamadou","family":"Gaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheikh Binetou","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babacar","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheikh","family":"Sokhna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doudou","family":"Sow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1061-1927","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philippe","family":"Parola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009725.ref001","first-page":"2253","volume-title":"The Lancet","author":"DG Colley","year":"2014"},{"key":"pntd.0009725.ref002","first-page":"153","article-title":"Sustaining the drive to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"3.9","author":"Organization WH","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Heal Organ"},{"key":"pntd.0009725.ref003","first-page":"8","article-title":"The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: Interpretation and Implications for the Neglected Tropical Diseases","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0009725.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70521-7","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk","author":"P Steinmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0009725.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro801","article-title":"Schistosomiasis","author":"L Chitsulo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"pntd.0009725.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00493-1","article-title":"Big-data-driven modeling unveils country-wide drivers of endemic schistosomiasis","volume":"7","author":"L Mari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pntd.0009725.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00029-9","article-title":"Quantification of clinical morbidity associated with schistosome infection in sub-Saharan Africa","author":"MJ Van Der Werf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Tropica. 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