{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:03:27Z","timestamp":1788404607907,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009755","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000}}],"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215515\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215515\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001275","name":"Oak Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007637","name":"Colciencias","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Little is known about the genetic diversity of <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar Typhi (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi) circulating in Latin America. It has been observed that typhoid fever is still endemic in this part of the world; however, a lack of standardized blood culture surveillance across Latin American makes estimating the true disease burden problematic. The Colombian National Health Service established a surveillance system for tracking bacterial pathogens, including <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi, in 2006. Here, we characterized 77 representative Colombian <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi isolates collected between 1997 and 2018 using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE; the accepted genotyping method in Latin America) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). We found that the main <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi clades circulating in Colombia were clades 2.5 and 3.5. Notably, the sequenced <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi isolates from Colombia were closely related in a global phylogeny. Consequently, these data suggest that these are endemic clades circulating in Colombia. We found that AMR in <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi in Colombia was uncommon, with a small subset of organisms exhibiting mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. This is the first time that <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi isolated from Colombia have been characterized by WGS, and after comparing these data with those generated using PFGE, we conclude that PFGE is unsuitable for tracking <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi clones and mapping transmission. The genetic diversity of pathogens such as <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. Typhi is limited in Latin America and should be targeted for future surveillance studies incorporating WGS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T17:43:27Z","timestamp":1631814207000},"page":"e0009755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A genomic snapshot of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Paula Diaz","family":"Guevara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0266-6557","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mailis","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7029-9210","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Duy 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Salmonella spp.: \u201cColombia 1997\u20132018\u201d Direcci\u00f3n Redes en Salud P\u00fablica. 2019."},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0009755.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3281","article-title":"Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter-and intracontinental transmission events","volume":"47","author":"VK Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature genetics"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"pntd.0009755.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv133.69","article-title":"Current Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices in Latin America: Where Are we?","volume":"2","author":"JS Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0009755.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.07.010","article-title":"Antibiotic stewardship in low- and middle-income countries: the same but different?","volume":"23","author":"JA Cox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009755","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T20:35:29Z","timestamp":1632861329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009755"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Travis J.","family":"Bourret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009755","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009755","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]}}}