{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T08:03:32Z","timestamp":1772179412777,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009797","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000}}],"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014976","name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Director's Catalyst Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Director's Catalyst Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014976","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T001070\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T001070\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/S01375X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S01375X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/S00243X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S00243X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/P005888\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/P005888\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-001785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-001785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1155293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1155293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Many vector-borne diseases are controlled by methods that kill the insect vectors responsible for disease transmission. Recording the age structure of vector populations provides information on mortality rates and vectorial capacity, and should form part of the detailed monitoring that occurs in the wake of control programmes, yet tools for obtaining estimates of individual age remain limited. We investigate the potential of using markers of gene expression to predict age in tsetse flies, which are the vectors of deadly and economically damaging African trypanosomiases. We use RNAseq to identify candidate expression markers, and test these markers using qPCR in laboratory-reared\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina morsitans morsitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    of known age. Measuring the expression of six genes was sufficient to obtain a prediction of age with root mean squared error of less than 8 days, while just two genes were sufficient to classify flies into age categories of \u226415 and &gt;15 days old. Further testing of these markers in field-caught samples and in other species will determine the accuracy of these markers in the field.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T07:18:03Z","timestamp":1632467883000},"page":"e0009797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A gene expression panel for estimating age in males and females of the sleeping sickness vector Glossina morsitans"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3892-1668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric R.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alistair C.","family":"Darby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Torr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-1497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin J.","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009797.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GA Roth","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pntd.0009797.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(03)00164-8","article-title":"Integrated control of vector-borne diseases of livestock\u2014pyrethroids: panacea or poison?","volume":"19","author":"MC Eisler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"pntd.0009797.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851994758.0369","volume-title":"The Trypanosomiases","author":"APM Shaw","year":"2004"},{"key":"pntd.0009797.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007831","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007831","article-title":"The importance of vector control for the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases.","volume":"14","author":"AL Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0009797.ref005","volume-title":"Monitoring and evaluation indicators for integrated vector management","year":"2012"},{"key":"pntd.0009797.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.04.015","article-title":"Evidence-based vector control? 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