{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:38:08Z","timestamp":1793162288573,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009817","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000}}],"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic> is endemic in the Mediterranean basin with most of the infected human patients remaining asymptomatic. Recently, the saurian-associated <jats:italic>Leishmania tarentolae<\/jats:italic> was detected in human blood donors and in sheltered dogs. The circulation of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tarentolae<\/jats:italic> was investigated in humans, dogs and cats living in the Pelagie islands (Sicily, Italy) by multiple serological and molecular testing. Human serum samples (n = 346) were tested to assess the exposure to <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic> by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) and to <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tarentolae<\/jats:italic> by IFAT. Meanwhile, sera from dogs (n = 149) and cats (n = 32) were tested for both <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> species by IFAT and all blood samples, including those of humans, by specific sets of real time-PCR for <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tarentolae<\/jats:italic>. The agreement between serological tests performed for human samples, and between serological and molecular diagnostic techniques for both human and animal samples were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Overall, 41 human samples (11.8%, 95% CI: 8.9\u201315.7) were positive to <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic> (5.2%, 95% CI: 3.3\u20138.1), <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tarentolae<\/jats:italic> (5.2%, 95% CI: 3.3\u20138.1) and to both species (1.4%, 95% CI: 0.6\u20133.3) by serology and\/or molecular tests. A good agreement among the serological tests was determined. Both <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. were serologically and\/or molecularly detected in 39.6% dogs and 43.7% cats. In addition to <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic>, also <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tarentolae<\/jats:italic> circulates in human and animal populations, raising relevant public health implications. Further studies should investigate the potential beneficial effects of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tarentolae<\/jats:italic> in the protection against <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T14:31:40Z","timestamp":1632493900000},"page":"e0009817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Leishmania tarentolae and Leishmania infantum in humans, dogs and cats in the Pelagie archipelago, southern Italy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2386-8542","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roberta","family":"Iatta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9787-932X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jairo Alfonso","family":"Mendoza-Roldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9061-437X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria Stefania","family":"Latrofa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1992-1796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Brianti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4382-9922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco","family":"Pombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Gabrielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-476X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Domenico","family":"Otranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009817.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. 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