{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:57:05Z","timestamp":1787021825342,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009818","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000}}],"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance code 001, grant 88881.362275\/2019-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance code 001, grant 88881.362275\/2019-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant 016.Veni.178.023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 016.Veni.178.023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In Brazil, the transmission of\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in urban settings is closely related to infection among dogs, with occasional transmission to humans. Serological screening of dogs for\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. infection on requests of their owners (passive case detection) represents a frequent, but little studied, practice within the scope of Brazilian public health. This study identified factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) diagnosis-seeking behavior of dog owners in Rondon\u00f3polis (236,000 inhabitants), a municipality in Central-Western Brazil where VL is endemic. Also, we evaluated the profile of dog owners and their animals screened on free demand.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using mixed effects negative binomial regression, we modelled the number of dogs screened for\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection on free demand per neighborhood from 2011 to 2016 as a function of time-dependent predictors (current or recent canine seropositivity and human VL incidence), distance to the screening site, and demographic variables. We assessed potential delays in the effect of time-dependent predictors on the outcome. Among 12,536 dogs screened for\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, 64.2% were tested during serosurveys and 35.8% were tested on free demand. Of these, 63.9% were positive. Uptake of screening under free demand was strongly associated with higher levels of canine seropositivity in the neighborhood (current or recent) and decreasing distance to the screening site. A subsample of dog owners (n = 93) who sought CVL screening between 2016 and 2017 were interviewed in more detail. Owners with better socioeconomic status and dogs with apparent CVL clinical manifestations prevailed among them.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To support timely CVL management, passive case detection along with awareness activities aimed at dog owners should be encouraged in endemic areas. Screening sites should be prioritized in accessible zones, as well as in socio-economically disadvantage areas. In parallel, CVL active case detection should be continued as a surveillance tool to guide control actions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T19:57:39Z","timestamp":1633809459000},"page":"e0009818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Passive case detection for canine visceral leishmaniasis control in urban Brazil: Determinants of population uptake"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0274-732X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Gabriel G.","family":"Luz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6358-2528","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amanda G. de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7367-3826","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Victor L.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Claudio L.","family":"Marciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1830-5668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sake J. de","family":"Vlas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2756-0588","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cor Jesus F.","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4425-2264","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luc E.","family":"Coffeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S44267","article-title":"Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"6","author":"PD Ready","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009818.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009818.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0243-2017","article-title":"Changes in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil from 2001 to 2014","volume":"50","author":"LLD Reis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0009818.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160133","article-title":"Human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in an emerging focus in Ara\u00e7ua\u00ed, Minas Gerais: spatial distribution and socio-environmental factors","volume":"111","author":"RL Ursine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105052","article-title":"Space-time analysis of the incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and prevalence of canine VL in a municipality of southeastern Brazil: Identification of priority areas for surveillance and control","volume":"197","author":"RMF Arruda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009818.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12429","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"HM Peixoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref007","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Manual de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral; 2006. https:\/\/bvsms.saude.gov.br\/bvs\/publicacoes\/manual_vigilancia_controle_leishmaniose_visceral.pdf."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009818.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-790X2012000200007","article-title":"Time series of visceral leishmaniasis in Aracaju, State of Sergipe, Brazil (1999 to 2008): human and canine aspects","volume":"15","author":"MAO G\u00f3es","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.12.002","article-title":"Spatial analysis for identification of priority areas for surveillance and control in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in Brazil","volume":"131","author":"DS Barbosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009818.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612014008","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in Jaciara, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2003 to 2012","volume":"23","author":"VN Brito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009818.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.5123\/S1679-49742015000300014","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o das atividades de controle da leishmaniose visceral em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2006\u20132011","volume":"24","author":"MHF Morais","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Serv Saude"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009818.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0359.2018v39n1p211","article-title":"Risk factors associated to canine visceral leishmaniasis in Uruguaiana city, Brazil","volume":"39","author":"TA Escobar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Cienc Agrar"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref013","unstructured":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (IBGE); 2021. https:\/\/cidades.ibge.gov.br\/brasil\/mt\/rondonopolis."},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref014","unstructured":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (IBGE). Censo Demogr\u00e1fico; 2010. https:\/\/sidra.ibge.gov.br\/pesquisa\/censo-demografico\/demografico-2010\/universo-caracteristicas-da-populacao-e-dos-domicilios."},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref015","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Abordagens Geogr\u00e1ficas da Vigil\u00e2ncia, Preven\u00e7\u00e3o e Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Sa\u00fade","author":"AG Carvalho","year":"2019"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref016","first-page":"e12","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in a Brazilian endemic area: an overview of occurrence, HIV coinfection and lethality","volume":"60","author":"JGG Luz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009818.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2018.1438229","article-title":"High seroprevalence and peripheral spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis among domestic dogs in an emerging urban focus in Central Brazil: a cross-sectional study","volume":"112","author":"AG Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref018","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura, Pecu\u00e1ria e Abastecimento. Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de Produtos Veterin\u00e1rios. Nota T\u00e9cnica n\u00b0 11\/2016\/CPV\/DFIP\/SDA\/GM\/MAPA. Autoriza o registro do produto Milteforan; 2016. http:\/\/www.sbmt.org.br\/portal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/nota-tecnica.pdf."},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref019","unstructured":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (IBGE). Pesquisa Nacional de Sa\u00fade; 2013. http:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/home\/estatistica\/populacao\/pns\/2013\/."},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref020","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia das Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis. Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis. Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Laborat\u00f3rios de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica. Nota T\u00e9cnica Conjunta n\u00b0 1, de 2011. Esclarecimentos sobre substitui\u00e7\u00e3o do protocolo diagn\u00f3stico da leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC); 2011. http:\/\/www.sgc.goias.gov.br\/upload\/arquivos\/2012-05\/nota-tecnica-no.-1-2011_cglab_cgdt1_lvc.pdf."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pntd.0009818.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.10.006","article-title":"Impact of demographic characteristics in pet ownership: modeling animal count according to owners income and age","volume":"109","author":"CM Martins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009818.ref022","first-page":"207","article-title":"Sampling Design for the National Health Survey, 2013","volume":"24","author":"PRB Souza-J\u00fanior","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Serv Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref023","unstructured":"QGIS.org (2019). QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. http:\/\/qgis.org."},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190253","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760190253","article-title":"Where, when, and how the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis is defined: answers from the Brazilian control program","volume":"114","author":"JGG Luz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009818.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7532","article-title":"Measures of clustering and heterogeneity in multilevel Poisson regression analyses of rates\/count data","volume":"37","author":"PC Austin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0009818.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110257","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110257","article-title":"Random-effects, fixed-effects and the within-between specification for clustered data in observational health studies: a simulation study","volume":"9","author":"JL Dieleman","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0009818.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0156508","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156508","article-title":"Correction: Random-Effects, Fixed-Effects and the within-between Specification for Clustered Data in Observational Health Studies: A Simulation Study","volume":"11","author":"JL Dieleman","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009818.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1017\/psrm.2014.7","article-title":"Explaining fixed effects: Random effects modeling of time-series cross-sectional and panel data","volume":"3","author":"A Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Polit Sci Res Methods"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref029","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R","author":"R Studio Team","year":"2015"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2","volume-title":"Modern Applied Statistics with S","author":"WN Venables","year":"2002","edition":"4"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009818.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009818.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz110","article-title":"Are backyard characteristics relevant factors for the occurrence of human visceral leishmaniasis in Central-Western Brazil?","volume":"114","author":"JGG Luz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.105965","article-title":"Human visceral leishmaniasis in Central-Western Brazil: Spatial patterns and its correlation with socioeconomic aspects, environmental indices and canine infection","volume":"221","author":"JGG Luz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref034","article-title":"Impact of socioeconomic status on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices about visceral leishmaniasis among dog owners","author":"AG Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009818.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001992","article-title":"Evaluation of rK39 rapid diagnostic tests for canine visceral leishmaniasis: longitudinal study and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"RJ Quinnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.02.012","article-title":"The diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: Confronting old problems","volume":"199","author":"R Pessoa-E-Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pntd.0009818.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.07.031","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis: incidence and risk factors for infection in a cohort study in Brazil","volume":"197","author":"W Coura-Vital","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009818.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdt068","article-title":"Distance to screening site and non-participation in screening for breast cancer: a population-based study","volume":"36","author":"LF Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009818.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13133","article-title":"Distance to screening site and older adults\u2019 participation in cognitive impairment screening","volume":"18","author":"K Harada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0009818.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082679","article-title":"Proximity to screening site, rurality, and neighborhood disadvantage: treatment status among individuals with sexually transmitted infections in Yakima County, Washington","volume":"17","author":"S Amiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009818.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14295\/jmphc.v5i1.189","article-title":"A inser\u00e7\u00e3o do M\u00e9dico Veterin\u00e1rio nos N\u00facleos de Apoio \u00e0 Sa\u00fade da Fam\u00edlia (NASF): novos caminhos de atua\u00e7\u00e3o na sa\u00fade p\u00fablica","volume":"5","author":"DS Barbosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Manag Prim Health Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0009818.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.09.004","article-title":"Leishmaniasis and poverty","volume":"22","author":"J Alvar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.06.013","article-title":"Factors associated with Leishmania spp. infection in domestic dogs from an emerging area of high endemicity for visceral leishmaniasis in Central-Western Brazil","volume":"125","author":"AG Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0009818.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946202163056","article-title":"Basic knowledge about visceral leishmaniasis before and after educational intervention among primary health care professionals in Midwestern Brazil","volume":"63","author":"AG Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0009818.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1291","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001291","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with Leishmania infantum infection of dogs from an urban area of Brazil as identified by molecular methods","volume":"5","author":"W Coura-Vital","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0009818.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.04.001","article-title":"Urban parasitology: visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"27","author":"MO Harhay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009818.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-S-ASTM-18-0239","article-title":"Essential Statistical Concepts for Research in Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences","volume":"62","author":"JJ Oleson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009818","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T23:58:40Z","timestamp":1634774320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009818"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Christine A","family":"Petersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009818","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]}}}