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In natural and laboratory\n                    <jats:italic>Brugia<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations, there is a lack of sequence diversity on chromosome X relative to the autosomes (\u03c0\n                    <jats:sub>X<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/\u03c0\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.2), which is lower than the expected (\u03c0\n                    <jats:sub>X<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/\u03c0\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.75). A reduction in diversity is also observed in other filarial nematodes with neo-X chromosome fusions in the genera\n                    <jats:italic>Onchocerca<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Wuchereria<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but not those without neo-X chromosome fusions in the genera\n                    <jats:italic>Loa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Dirofilaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In the species with neo-X chromosome fusions, chromosome X is abnormally large, containing a third of the genetic material such that a sizable portion of the genome is lacking sequence diversity. Such profound differences in genetic diversity can be consequential, having been associated with drug resistance and adaptability, with the potential to affect filarial eradication.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T13:41:27Z","timestamp":1635342087000},"page":"e0009838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["X-treme loss of sequence diversity linked to neo-X chromosomes in filarial nematodes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8743-1158","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John","family":"Mattick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0230-3876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silvia","family":"Libro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Bromley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanpen","family":"Chaicumpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9545-523X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5231-1236","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Darren","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Behram","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yee-Ling","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shailja","family":"Misra-Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3710-4642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramakrishna","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Sadzewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3550-5992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Atiporn","family":"Saeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Shahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin C.","family":"Sparklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6395-562X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Steven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke J.","family":"Tallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6473-3743","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Moorhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Michalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5107-6513","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3862-986X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julie C.","family":"Dunning Hotopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009838.ref001","unstructured":"Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report. 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