{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:46:10Z","timestamp":1785224770269,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1704284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1704284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Trichinellosis is a serious zoonotic disease distributed around the world. It is needed to develop a safe, effective and feasible anti-<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> vaccine for prevention and control of trichinellosis. The aim of this study was to construct a recombinant <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic> encoding <jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic> inorganic pyrophosphatase (TsPPase) and investigate its immune protective effects against <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>spiralis<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The growth of recombinant <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>plantarum<\/jats:italic> was not affected by TsPPase\/pSIP409-pgsA\u2032 plasmid, and the recombinant plasmid was inherited stably in bacteria. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) indicated that the rTsPPase was expressed on the surface of recombinant <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>plantarum<\/jats:italic>. Oral vaccination with rTsPPase induced higher levels of specific serum IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) in BALB\/c mice. ELISA analysis revealed that the levels of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-4 released from spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer\u2019s patches were evidently increased at 2\u20134 weeks following vaccination, compared to MRS (De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe) medium control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Immunization of mice with rTsPPase exhibited a 67.18, 54.78 and 51.91% reduction of intestinal infective larvae, adult worms and muscle larvae at 24 hours post infection (hpi), 6 days post infection (dpi) and 35 dpi, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), and the larval molting and development was significantly inhibited by 45.45% at 24 hpi, compared to the MRS group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>TsPPase plays a crucial role in <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>spiralis<\/jats:italic> molting and development, oral vaccination with rTsPPase induced a significant local mucosal sIgA response and systemic Th1\/Th2 immune response, and immune protection against <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>spiralis<\/jats:italic> infection in BALB\/c mice.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T17:22:23Z","timestamp":1635268943000},"page":"e0009865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Oral vaccination with recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum encoding Trichinella spiralis inorganic pyrophosphatase elicited a protective immunity in BALB\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chen Xi","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6941-9609","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang Xiu Yue","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui Nan","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruo Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao Rong","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong Quan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8726-5498","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009865.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.07.002","article-title":"World distribution of Trichinella spp. infections in animals and humans","volume":"149","author":"E Pozio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0009865.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.110896","article-title":"Worldwide occurrence and impact of human trichinellosis, 1986\u20132009","volume":"17","author":"KD Murrell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect 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