{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T02:45:41Z","timestamp":1769741141906,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural and science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31600726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31600726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural and science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31860697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31860697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The metacestode stage of<jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>can cause cystic echinococcosis (CE), which still widely occurs around the world. Since the early 1970s, benzimidazoles have been shown to inhibit the growth of cysts and used to treat CE. However, benzimidazoles are still ineffective in 20%-40% of cases. In order to explore the new agents against CE, we have investigated the therapeutic effect of the recombinant adenoviral vector expressing mouse IL-28B (rAd-mIL-28B) on protoscoleces<jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>infected mice. In our study, we successfully established the model mice which infected with protoscoleces intraperitoneally. At 18 weeks post-infection, the mice received rAd-mIL-28B (1\u00d710<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>PFU) weekly by intramuscular injection for 6 weeks. Compared with the untreated control (13.1 \u00b1 2.2 g), there was a significant reduction in cysts wet weight in rAd-mIL-28B group (8.3 \u00b1 3.5 g) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), especially in Albendazole (ABZ) + rAd-mIL-28B group (5.8 \u00b1 1.4 g) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). We also observed the severe damage of the germinal layer and the laminated layer of cysts after treatment. rAd-mIL-28B group showed a prominent increase in the level of Th1 type cytokines (such as IFN-\u03b3, IL-2 and TNF-\u03b1). Meanwhile, the frequency of Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells was decreased in the rAd-mIL-28B group (4.83 \u00b1 0.81%) and ABZ + rAd-mIL-28B group (4.60 \u00b1 0.51%), comparing with the untreated group (8.13 \u00b1 2.60%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, compared with the untreated control (122.14 \u00b1 81.09 pg\/ml), the level of IFN-\u03b3 significantly increased in peritoneal fluid in the rAd-mIL-28B group (628.87 \u00b1 467.16 pg\/ml) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and ABZ + rAd-mIL-28B group (999.76 \u00b1 587.60 pg\/ml) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Taken together, it suggested that ABZ + IL-28B may be a potential therapeutic agent against CE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T18:26:23Z","timestamp":1637778383000},"page":"e0009927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Synergism therapeutic and immunoregulatory effects of Albendazole + rAd-mIL-28B against Echinococcosis in experiment-infected mice with protoscoleces"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongjie","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-3670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yanping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0009927.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0238909","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238909","article-title":"Cattle co-infection of Echinococcus granulosus and Fasciola hepatica results in a different systemic cytokine profile than single parasite infection","volume":"15","author":"F Correa","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2018.07.003","article-title":"Metformin promotes autophagy in Echinococcus granulosus larval stage","volume":"224","author":"JA Loos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2018055","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto: silencing of thioredoxin peroxidase impairs the differentiation of protoscoleces into metacestodes","volume":"25","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009927.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2020.58.3.287","article-title":"Transcriptomic Features of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex during the Encystation Process","volume":"58","author":"J Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0009927.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.8.1679","article-title":"Therapy of human hydatid disease with mebendazole and albendazole","volume":"37","author":"A Teggi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0009927.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06416-5","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of nanocompounds in the treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcoses: challenges and future prospects","volume":"118","author":"NM Bakhtiar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009927.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X0928936X","article-title":"Alveolar and cystic echinococcosis: towards novel chemotherapeutical treatment options","volume":"83","author":"A Hemphill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of helminthology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009927.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.7.2.145","article-title":"Benzimidazoles for the treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis: what is the consensus?","volume":"7","author":"DA Vuitton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pntd.0009927.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.09.001","article-title":"Complexity and function of cytokine responses in experimental infection by Echinococcus granulosus","volume":"211","author":"A Baz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105696","article-title":"Protein expression profile of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci related to Th1- and Th2-type responses in the mouse cysticercosis model","volume":"212","author":"M Diaz-Zaragoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00061","article-title":"T Lymphocyte-Mediated Liver Immunopathology of Schistosomiasis.","volume":"11","author":"B Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0522-6","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus infection reduces airway inflammation of mice likely through enhancing IL-10 and down-regulation of IL-5 and IL-17A.","volume":"7","author":"H Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0009927.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22832","article-title":"How helminths use excretory secretory fractions to modulate dendritic cells.","volume":"3","author":"RR White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pntd.0009927.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.03.032","article-title":"In vivo anthelmintic activity of five alkaloids from Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim) Fedde against Dactylogyrus intermedius in Carassius auratus.","volume":"171","author":"GX Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0009927.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1997.d01-162.x","article-title":"Secondary Echinococcus multilocularis infection in A\/J mice: delayed metacestode development is associated with Th1 cytokine production","volume":"19","author":"I Emery","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009927.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2012.01649.x","article-title":"IL-28B (IFN-lambda3) and IFN-alpha synergistically inhibit HCV replication.","volume":"20","author":"H Shindo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0009927.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2010.0078","article-title":"Interferon-lambda: a new addition to an old family","volume":"30","author":"RP Donnelly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0009927.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000000528","article-title":"Interleukin-28B Plays a Therapeutic Role on Mouse U14 Cervical Cancer Cells by Down-Regulating CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Regulatory T Cells In Vivo","volume":"25","author":"X Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009927.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxv061","article-title":"IL-28B down-regulates regulatory T cells but does not improve the protective immunity following tuberculosis subunit vaccine immunization","volume":"28","author":"Y Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"International immunology"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105579","article-title":"The immunotherapy with hMASP-2 DNA nanolipoplexes against echinococcosis in experimentally protoscolex-infected mice","volume":"210","author":"C Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009927.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69484-z","article-title":"In vivo effect of magnetic microspheres loaded with E2-a in the treatment of alveolar echinococcosis.","volume":"10","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009927.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-018-0596-9","article-title":"Therapeutic and immunoregulatory effects of water-soluble alkaloids E2-a from Sophora moorcroftiana seeds as a novel potential agent against echinococcosis in experimentally protoscolex-infected mice","volume":"49","author":"Y Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.11.004","article-title":"Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii: relationship between hepatic lesions, cytological and biochemical analysis of the cavitary liquid during the acute phase of the diseases in experimental models","volume":"136","author":"NB Bottari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Experimental parasitology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0009927.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0240456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240456","article-title":"A systematic review of medicinal plants used against Echinococcus granulosus.","volume":"15","author":"R Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0009927.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-8206.2003.00171.x","article-title":"Albendazole for the treatment of echinococcosis","volume":"17","author":"J. Horton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fundamental & clinical pharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0009927.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004556","article-title":"IL-28B is a key regulator of B- and T-cell vaccine responses against influenza","volume":"10","author":"A Egli","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"23","key":"pntd.0009927.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5868","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-11-190520","article-title":"Comparative ability of IL-12 and IL-28B to regulate Treg populations and enhance adaptive cellular immunity","volume":"113","author":"MP Morrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009927.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000495172","article-title":"Type III Interferons in Viral Infection and Antiviral Immunity","volume":"51","author":"JH Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118384","article-title":"IL-27 along with IL-28B ameliorates the pulmonary redox impairment, inflammation and immunosuppression in benzo(a)pyrene induced lung cancer bearing mice.","volume":"260","author":"D Majumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"47","key":"pntd.0009927.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12542","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715363114","article-title":"Metabolic control of regulatory T cell (Treg) survival and function by Lkb1.","volume":"114","author":"N He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-015-0110-3","article-title":"Impairment of dendritic cell function and induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells by excretory-secretory products: a potential mechanism of immune evasion adopted by Echinococcus granulosus.","volume":"16","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0009927.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0175-7","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in cancer immunosuppression\u2014implications for anticancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"Y Togashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature reviews Clinical oncology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0009927.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/10.12.1969","article-title":"Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells: induction of autoimmune disease by breaking their anergic\/suppressive state","volume":"10","author":"T Takahashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"International immunology"},{"issue":"5899","key":"pntd.0009927.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160062","article-title":"CTLA-4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function","volume":"322","author":"K Wing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0009927.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062512","article-title":"Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression","volume":"204","author":"S Deaglio","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009927.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2016.151","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"27","author":"A Tanaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.577071","article-title":"Th17\/Treg cells imbalance and their related cytokines (IL-17, IL-10 and TGF-beta) in children with autism spectrum disorder.","volume":"337","author":"M Moaaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009927.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.181","article-title":"Depletion of FoxP3(+) Tregs improves control of larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection by promoting co-stimulation and Th1\/17 immunity.","volume":"5","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0009927.ref039","article-title":"The Balance of Th17 versus","volume":"19","author":"GR Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Treg Cells in Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0009927.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2012.01383.x","article-title":"Th17\/Treg imbalance in patients with liver cystic echinococcosis","volume":"34","author":"T Tuxun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.09.005","article-title":"Immunology of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis (AE and CE).","volume":"96","author":"B Gottstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009927.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2174\/187153012799279117","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis: aspects of immune response, immunopathogenesis and immune evasion from the human host","volume":"12","author":"A Siracusano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets."},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0009927.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0883-x","article-title":"The induction of T helper type 1 response by cytokine gene transfection protects mice against secondary hydatidosis","volume":"102","author":"KM Al-Qaoud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0009927.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.02.003","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of Echinococcus granulosus cystic fluid on allergic airway inflammation","volume":"198","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Experimental parasitology"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009927","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T05:23:01Z","timestamp":1673846581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009927"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Morassutti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009927","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]}}}