{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:34:46Z","timestamp":1792802086768,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009987","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\/FIOCRUZ","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03pww0c55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Several infectious diseases are associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disorders by elevating circulating glucocorticoids (GCs), which are known to have an immunosuppressive potential. We conducted this study in golden hamsters, a suitable model for human visceral leishmaniasis (VL), to investigate the relationship of\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania (L<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>) infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection on cortisol production and VL severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>infantum-<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected (n = 42) and uninfected hamsters (n = 30) were followed-up at 30, 120, and 180 days post-infection (dpi). Plasma cortisol was analyzed by radioimmunoassay and cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and arginase by RT-qPCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All hamsters showed splenomegaly at 180 dpi. Increased parasite burden was associated with higher arginase expression and lower iNOS induction. Cortisol levels were elevated in infected animals in all-time points evaluated. Except for monocytes, all other leucocytes showed a strong negative correlation with cortisol, while transaminases were positively correlated. Immunological markers as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1\u03b2, IL-10, and transforming growth-factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) were positively correlated to cortisol production, while interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) presented a negative correlation. A network analysis showed cortisol as an important knot linking clinical status and immunological parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results suggest that\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      increases the systemic levels of cortisol, which showed to be associated with hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters associated to VL severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T15:43:00Z","timestamp":1637682180000},"page":"e0009987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Increased levels of cortisol are associated with the severity of experimental visceral leishmaniasis in a Leishmania (L.) infantum-hamster model"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9045-8098","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tayany de D.","family":"Barros-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea F.","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luzinei da","family":"Silva-Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel P.","family":"Ribeiro-Rom\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milla","family":"Bezerra-Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Gomes-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2136-8958","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vinicius F.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alda Maria","family":"Da-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7242-4206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eduardo F.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0009987.ref001","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Leishmaniasis in Biology and Medicine","author":"R Lainson","year":"1987"},{"key":"pntd.0009987.ref002","volume-title":"Leishmaniasis.","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"pntd.0009987.ref003","volume-title":"Epidemiological Report of the Americas","author":"Pan American Health Organization, Leishmaniasis","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0009987.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11010004","article-title":"Trans-Atlantic Spill Over: Deconstructing the Ecological Adaptation of Leishmania infantum in the Americas","volume":"11","author":"MC Boit\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0009987.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000400010","article-title":"Is severe visceral leishmaniasis a systemic inflammatory response syndrome? 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