{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:34:42Z","timestamp":1740148482308,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1104516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1104516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1154033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1154033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-001785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-001785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Work to control the gambiense form of human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT), or sleeping sickness, is now directed towards ending transmission of the parasite by 2030. In order to supplement gHAT case-finding and treatment, since 2011 tsetse control has been implemented using Tiny Targets in a number of gHAT foci. As this intervention is extended to new foci, it is vital to understand the costs involved. Costs have already been analysed for the foci of Arua in Uganda and Mandoul in Chad. This paper examines the costs of controlling <jats:italic>Glossina palpalis palpalis<\/jats:italic> in the focus of Bonon in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire from 2016 to 2017.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Some 2000 targets were placed throughout the main gHAT transmission area of 130 km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at a density of 14.9 per km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The average annual cost was USD 0.5 per person protected, USD 31.6 per target deployed of which 12% was the cost of the target itself, or USD 471.2 per km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> protected. Broken down by activity, 54% was for deployment and maintenance of targets, 34% for tsetse surveys\/monitoring and 12% for sensitising populations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The cost of tsetse control per km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> of the gHAT focus protected in Bonon was more expensive than in Chad or Uganda, while the cost per km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> treated, that is the area where the targets were actually deployed, was cheaper. Per person protected, the Bonon cost fell between the two, with Uganda cheaper and Chad more expensive. In Bonon, targets were deployed throughout the protected area, because <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>palpalis<\/jats:italic> was present everywhere, whereas in Chad and Uganda <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>fuscipes fuscipes<\/jats:italic> was found only the riverine fringing vegetation. Thus, differences between gHAT foci, in terms of tsetse ecology and human geography, impact on the cost-effectiveness of tsetse control. It also demonstrates the need to take into account both the area treated and protected alongside other impact indicators, such as the cost per person protected.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T18:35:56Z","timestamp":1641407756000},"page":"e0010033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The cost of tsetse control using \u2018Tiny Targets\u2019 in the sleeping sickness endemic forest area of Bonon in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire: Implications for comparing costs across different settings"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4920-316X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Courtin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dramane","family":"Kaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Rayaisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4351-3506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philippe","family":"Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve J.","family":"Torr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2919-5043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra P. 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