{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:04:56Z","timestamp":1774314296741,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010055","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000}}],"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31720103918"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31720103918"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31672276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018A030313187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A030313187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development","award":["2018GDASCX-0107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GDASCX-0107"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been declared as one of the six major tropical diseases by the World Health Organization. This disease has been successfully controlled in China, except for some areas in the western region, such as the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, where both anthroponotic VL (AVL) and desert type zoonotic VL (DT-ZVL) remain endemic with sporadic epidemics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Here, an eleven-year survey (2004\u20132014) of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> species, encompassing both VL types isolated from patients, sand-fly vectors and Tarim hares (<jats:italic>Lepus yarkandensis<\/jats:italic>) from the Xinjiang Autonomous Region was conducted, with a special emphasis on the hares as a potential reservoir animal for DT-ZVL. Key diagnostic genes, ITS1, <jats:italic>hsp70<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>nagt<\/jats:italic> (encoding <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase) were used for phylogenetic analyses, placing all Xinjiang isolates into one clade of the <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>donovani<\/jats:italic> complex. Unexpectedly, AVL isolates were found to be closely related to <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic>, while DT-ZVL isolates were closer to <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>donovani<\/jats:italic>. Unrooted parsimony networks of haplotypes for these isolates also revealed their relationship.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The above analyses of the DT-ZVL isolates suggested their geographic isolation and independent evolution. The sequence identity of isolates from patients, vectors and the Tarim hares in a single DT-ZVL site provides strong evidence in support of this species as an animal reservoir.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:07:14Z","timestamp":1639768034000},"page":"e0010055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Species identification and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolated from patients, vectors and hares in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, The People\u2019s Republic of China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yun-Fu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Fu","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang-Mei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Zi","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3608-0175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geoff","family":"Hide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4709-1507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"De-Hua","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Rong","family":"Lun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010055.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72386-0","volume-title":"The 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