{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:12:25Z","timestamp":1790230345538,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010094","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000}}],"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81803289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81803289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007128","name":"natural science foundation of shaanxi province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JM-329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JM-329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"2020 national innovation training program for college students at wuhan university","award":["202010486083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202010486083"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonosis characterized by clinical features of high fever, hemorrhage, and renal damage. China has the largest number of HFRS cases worldwide, accounting for over 90% of the total reported cases. In this paper, we used surveyed HFRS data and satellite imagery to conduct geostatistical analysis for investigating the associations of rapid urbanization, water bodies, and other factors on the spatiotemporal dynamics of HFRS from year 2005 to 2018 in Xi\u2019an City, Northwest China. The results revealed an evident epidemic aggregation in the incidence of HFRS within Xi\u2019an City with a phenomenal fluctuation in periodic time series. Rapid urbanization was found to greatly affect the HFRS incidence in two different time phases. HFRS caused by urbanization influences farmers to a lesser extent than it does to non-farmers. The association of water bodies with the HFRS incidence rate was found to be higher within the radii of 696.15 m and 1575.39 m, which represented significant thresholds. The results also showed that geomatics approaches can be used for spatiotemporally investigating the HFRS dynamic characteristics and supporting effective allocations of resources to formulate strategies for preventing epidemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T18:29:55Z","timestamp":1641839395000},"page":"e0010094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Spatiotemporal association of rapid urbanization and water-body distribution on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A case study in the city of Xi\u2019an, China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4483-1346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0866-6678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qingwu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boxuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongjun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1847-8208","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010094.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.02507-1","article-title":"Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses.","author":"M Bray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0010094.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2013.783555","article-title":"Epidemiology of Hantavirus infections in humans: a comprehensive, global overview","volume":"40","author":"DC Watson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0010094.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.03.015","article-title":"Hantavirus outbreak associated with laboratory rats in Yunnan, China","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010094.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.360","article-title":"Hantavirus infection: an emerging infectious disease causing acute renal failure","volume":"83","author":"E Krautkramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"18","key":"pntd.0010094.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4707","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1712767115","article-title":"Urbanization prolongs hantavirus epidemics in cities","volume":"115","author":"H Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0010094.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00062-09","article-title":"A global perspective on hantavirus ecology, epidemiology, and disease","volume":"23","author":"CB Jonsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0010094.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3344","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003344","article-title":"Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China, 2005\u20132012.","volume":"8","author":"W Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0010094.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3390\/v6020507","article-title":"Analysis of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in college students in Xi\u2019an, China","volume":"6","author":"C Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010094.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1309.061481","article-title":"Landscape Elements and Hantaan Virus\u2013related Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome, People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"13","author":"Y Lei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0010094.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001009","article-title":"Hantavirus infection in rodents and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Shaanxi province, China, 1984\u20132012","volume":"143","author":"PB Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010094.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18819-4","article-title":"Mapping the epidemic changes and risks of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Shaanxi Province, China, 2005\u20132016.","volume":"8","author":"W Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0010094.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006901","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006901","article-title":"The ecological dynamics of hantavirus diseases: From environmental variability to disease prevention largely based on data from China","volume":"13","author":"H Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0010094.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007688","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007688","article-title":"Distribution of geographical scale, data aggregation unit and period in the correlation analysis between temperature and incidence of HFRS in mainland China: A systematic review of 27 ecological studies","volume":"13","author":"X Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010094.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.02.010","article-title":"Transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in china and the role of climate factors: a review","volume":"33","author":"A Hansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010094.ref015","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics and environmental risk factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Wei River basin, China, 2005\u20132015","volume":"39","author":"X Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010094.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006198","article-title":"Anthropogenically driven environmental changes shift the ecological dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome","volume":"13","author":"H Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0010094.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003530","article-title":"Changes in rodent abundance and weather conditions potentially drive hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome outbreaks in Xi\u2019an, China, 2005\u20132012","volume":"9","author":"H Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010094.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012370466-5.50009-1","article-title":"Urbanization and the social ecology of emerging infectious diseases","author":"B Wilcox","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Social Ecology of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0010094.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006881","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006881","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is driven by environmental factors and rodent community composition","volume":"12","author":"H Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010094.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-384","article-title":"Epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China, 2006\u20132012.","volume":"14","author":"S Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0010094.ref021","first-page":"440","article-title":"Surveillance for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China, 2013","volume":"30","author":"Q Wang","journal-title":"Dis. Surveill. 2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0010094.ref022","first-page":"166","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China from 2011 to 2013","volume":"30","author":"H Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Ctrl. Endem. Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010094.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x","article-title":"Local indicators of spatial association\u2014LISA","volume":"27","author":"L. Anselin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geographical Analysis"},{"key":"pntd.0010094.ref024","unstructured":"ESRI. (2013a). Classifying numerical fields for graduated symboloby. ArcGIS resources (Accessed on Jan 1st, 2021). Available from: http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.1\/index.html#\/\/00s50000001r000000\/."},{"key":"pntd.0010094.ref025","unstructured":"ESRI. (2013b). How Spatial Autocorrelation (Global Moran\u2019s I) works. ArcGIS resources (Accessed on Jan 1st, 2021). Available from: http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.1\/index.html#\/\/005p0000000t000000\/."},{"key":"pntd.0010094.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111675","article-title":"Four-dimensional evaluation and forecasting of marine carrying capacity in China: Empirical analysis based on the entropy method and grey Verhulst model","volume":"160","author":"R Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0010094.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.11.007","article-title":"Multivariate time series classification with parametric derivative dynamic time warping","volume":"42","author":"T G\u00f3recki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0010094.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2008.05.001","article-title":"Kernel Density Estimation of traffic accidents in a network space","volume":"32","author":"Z Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"key":"pntd.0010094.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.02.052","article-title":"A measure of spatial stratified heterogeneity","volume":"67","author":"J Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010094.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.1.189","article-title":"Climatic, reservoir and occupational variables and the transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China","volume":"31","author":"B Peng","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"pntd.0010094.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.043364-0","article-title":"Hantaviruses in rodents and humans, Xi\u2019an, PR China","volume":"93","author":"C Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0010094.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163771","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163771","article-title":"Time Series Analysis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome: A Case Study in Jiaonan County, China.","volume":"11","author":"S Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010094.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106839","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106839","article-title":"Time-specific ecologic niche models forecast the risk of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Dongting Lake district, China, 2005\u20132010","volume":"9","author":"H Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010094","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010094","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T19:51:28Z","timestamp":1642794688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010094"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Waleed Saleh","family":"Al-Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010094","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010094","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]}}}