{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:03:57Z","timestamp":1789067037110,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010100","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000}}],"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019174","name":"Australian Companion Animal Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["012\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["012\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019174","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011890","name":"Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution, caused by pathogenic serovars in the genus <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>. Feral pigs are known carriers of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> species and pig hunting using dogs is a common recreational activity in Queensland, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology and principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. serovars in pig-hunting dogs above the Tropic of Capricorn in Queensland and by establishing the geographic distribution, serovars and incidence of human cases of leptospirosis in Queensland, identify potential overlap between human and canine exposure. We also explored the knowledge and risk-taking behaviours of pig-hunting dog owners towards zoonotic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Ninety-eight pig-hunting dogs deemed healthy by physical examination and owned by 41 people from Queensland had serum submitted for Microscopic Agglutination Testing (MAT) to determine antibody titres against <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> serovars, while 40\/41 dog owners completed a survey on their knowledge of diseases relating to pig hunting. Human leptospirosis cases (n = 330) notified to Queensland Health between 2015\u20132018 were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Approximately one quarter (23\/87; 26%) of unvaccinated pig-hunting dogs were seropositive to <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. Although harder to interpret, 8\/11 (73%) vaccinated dogs were seropositive to <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. Pig hunters may be more likely to contract leptospirosis compared with the general Queensland population, based on responses from surveyed hunters. The highest concentration of human leptospirosis was in the wet tropics region of Far North Queensland. There was little overlap between the serovars dogs were exposed to and those infecting humans. The dominant serovar identified in unvaccinated dogs was Australis (13\/23; 57%), with serovar Arborea (36\/330; 10.9%) responsible for the highest number of human leptospirosis cases. Topaz was the second most common serovar in both humans and dogs and was previously unrecorded in Australian dogs. Most hunters surveyed used hand washing as a zoonotic disease risk reduction technique.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Leptospirosis is an emerging disease of growing significance. The infection requires a \u2018one health\u2019 approach to understand its epidemiology. With shifting climatic patterns influencing human-animal-environment interactions, ongoing monitoring of diseases like leptospirosis is critical to helping prevent infection of individuals and disease outbreaks.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T20:21:46Z","timestamp":1642537306000},"page":"e0010100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of pig-hunting dogs and humans in North Queensland"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6272-1610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bronwyn","family":"Orr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7400-1960","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark E.","family":"Westman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6025-194X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1941-6658","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Auriol","family":"Purdie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott B.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0003-6930","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010100.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105183","article-title":"Leptospirosis: Increasing importance in developing countries","volume":"201","author":"ZMP Soo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0010100.ref002","first-page":"109","author":"World Health Organization, International Leptospirosis Society","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010100.ref003","first-page":"67","article-title":"A review of the leptospiroses of domestic animals in Australia.","volume":"73","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bull\u2014Off Int Epizoot"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0010100.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006503","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006503","article-title":"A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity.","volume":"12","author":"V Guernier","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010100.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.10.102","article-title":"Leptospira as an emerging pathogen: a review of its biology, pathogenesis and host immune responses","volume":"5","author":"KV Evangelista","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0010100.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12557","article-title":"Despite high-risk exposures, no evidence of zoonotic transmission during a canine outbreak of leptospirosis","volume":"66","author":"SAJ Guagliardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0010100.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007270","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007270","article-title":"Revisiting the taxonomy and evolution of pathogenicity of the genus Leptospira through the prism of genomics","volume":"13","author":"AT Vincent","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0010100.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12851868779867","article-title":"Emerging tropical diseases in Australia. 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