{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T21:33:09Z","timestamp":1792877589057,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010278","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000}}],"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12031010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12031010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"13th Five-Year Plan","award":["17SAZ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17SAZ01"]}]},{"name":"13th Five-Year Plan","award":["18QNP063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18QNP063"]}]},{"name":"13th Five-Year Plan","award":["ALB19J003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALB19J003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Scrub typhus has become a serious public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region including China. There were new natural foci continuously recognized and dramatically increased reported cases in mainland China. However, the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns of scrub typhus in Fujian province have yet to be investigated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study proposes to explore demographic characteristics and spatiotemporal dynamics of scrub typhus cases in Fujian province, and to detect high-risk regions between January 2012 and December 2020 at county\/district scale and thereby help in devising public health strategies to improve scrub typhus prevention and control measures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Monthly cases of scrub typhus reported at the county level in Fujian province during 2012\u20132020 were collected from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Time-series analyses, spatial autocorrelation analyses and space-time scan statistics were applied to identify and visualize the spatiotemporal patterns of scrub typhus cases in Fujian province. The demographic differences of scrub typhus cases from high-risk and low-risk counties in Fujian province were also compared.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 11,859 scrub typhus cases reported in 87 counties from Fujian province were analyzed and the incidence showed an increasing trend from 2012 (2.31 per 100,000) to 2020 (3.20 per 100,000) with a peak in 2018 (4.59 per 100,000). There existed two seasonal peaks in June-July and September-October every year in Fujian province. A significant positive spatial autocorrelation of scrub typhus incidence in Fujian province was observed with Moran\u2019s I values ranging from 0.258 to 0.471 (P&lt;0.001). Several distinct spatiotemporal clusters mainly concentrated in north and southern parts of Fujian province. Compared to low-risk regions, a greater proportion of cases were female, farmer, and older residents in high-risk counties.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results demonstrate a clear spatiotemporal heterogeneity of scrub typhus cases in Fujian province, and provide the evidence in directing future researches on risk factors and effectively assist local health authorities in the refinement of public health interventions against scrub typhus transmission in the high risk regions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T19:32:28Z","timestamp":1664479948000},"page":"e0010278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns of scrub typhus in Fujian province during 2012\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianyu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo J. Soares","family":"Magalhaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6553-0203","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005838","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005838","article-title":"Estimating the burden of scrub typhus: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"A Bonell","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)01020-X","article-title":"Drug-resistant scrub typhus: Paradigm and paradox","volume":"13","author":"R. Rosenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitology Today"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006062","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006062","article-title":"A review of the global epidemiology of scrub typhus","volume":"11","author":"G Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"pntd.0010278.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.1086\/596576","article-title":"Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi","volume":"48","author":"DJ Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.10.012","article-title":"Distribution of rickettsioses in Oceania: past patterns and implications for the future","volume":"143","author":"B Derne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2018.12.018","article-title":"Scrub typhus strikes back: Are we ready?","volume":"75","author":"R Tilak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2606.191168","article-title":"Epidemiologic Changes of Scrub Typhus in China, 1952\u20132016","volume":"26","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2493","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002493","article-title":"Scrub Typhus in Mainland China, 2006\u20132012: The Need for Targeted Public Health Interventions","volume":"7","author":"W-Y Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0663","article-title":"Rapid Increase in Scrub Typhus Incidence in Mainland China, 2006\u20132014","volume":"94","author":"Y-C Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007916","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007916","article-title":"Spatio-temporal patterns of scrub typhus in mainland China, 2006\u20132017","volume":"13","author":"Y Yue","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0566-0","article-title":"Evaluation of scrub typhus diagnosis in China: analysis of nationwide surveillance data from 2006 to 2016","volume":"8","author":"H-L Xin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.395","article-title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and climatic drivers of severe dengue in Thailand","volume":"656","author":"Z Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13492","article-title":"Spatiotemporal and demographic characteristics of scrub typhus in Southwest China, 2006\u20132017: An analysis of population-based surveillance data","volume":"67","author":"H Xin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12864","article-title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in the Republic of Kazakhstan, 1955\u20132013","volume":"65","author":"SK Abdrakhmanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146145","article-title":"Spatiotemporal clustering and meteorological factors affected scarlet fever incidence in mainland China from 2004 to 2017","volume":"777","author":"H Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2153-3","article-title":"Rapid increase of scrub typhus incidence in Guangzhou, southern China, 2006\u20132014","volume":"17","author":"Y Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0133736","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133736","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Clustering Analysis and Risk Assessments of Human Cutaneous Anthrax in China, 2005\u20132012","volume":"10","author":"W-Y Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814003598","article-title":"Epidemic characteristics and spatio-temporal patterns of scrub typhus during 2006\u20132013 in Tai\u2019an, Northern China","volume":"143","author":"L Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4599","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094599","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Scrub Typhus in Jiangxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2018","volume":"18","author":"S Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70761-0","article-title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Jiangxi province, China","volume":"10","author":"S Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-206","article-title":"Spatial analysis of malaria in Anhui province, China","volume":"7","author":"W Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3344","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003344","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Transmission Dynamics of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in China, 2005\u20132012","volume":"8","author":"W-Y Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004875","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004875","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Scrub Typhus Transmission in Mainland China, 2006\u20132014","volume":"10","author":"Y-C Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plos Neglect Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101976","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101976","article-title":"Rapid increase of scrub typhus: an epidemiology and spatial-temporal cluster analysis in Guangzhou City, Southern China, 2006\u20132012","volume":"9","author":"Y Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2285","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002285","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Patterns of Japanese Encephalitis in China, 2002\u20132010","volume":"7","author":"L-Y Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plos Neglect Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/psp.544","article-title":"The Settlement Intention of China\u2019s Floating Population in the Cities: Recent Changes and Multifaceted Individual-Level Determinants","volume":"16","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Popul Space Place"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61360-4","article-title":"Internal migration and health in China","volume":"372","author":"X Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2011.05.021","article-title":"Labor Migration and Time Use Patterns of the Left-behind Children and Elderly in Rural China","volume":"39","author":"H Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Dev"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref029","article-title":"Antibody response following scrub typhus infection: clinical cohort study","author":"W-P Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009283","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009283","article-title":"High initial IgG antibody levels against Orientia tsutsugamushi are associated with an increased risk of severe scrub typhus infection","volume":"15","author":"CS Devamani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plos Neglect Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.05.018","article-title":"Spatial analysis of scrub typhus infection and its association with environmental and socioeconomic factors in Taiwan","volume":"120","author":"C-C Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.193292","article-title":"Epidemiology & risk factors of scrub typhus in south India","volume":"144","author":"GM Varghese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003814","article-title":"Urbanization of scrub typhus disease in South Korea","volume":"9","author":"S-W Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref034","first-page":"513","article-title":"A city park as a potential epidemic site of scrub typhus: a case-control study of an outbreak in Guangzhou, China","volume":"7","author":"Y Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0858-6","article-title":"Current situation of scrub typhus in South Korea from 2001\u20132013","volume":"8","author":"H-W Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-139","article-title":"Meteorological factors and risk of scrub typhus in Guangzhou, southern China, 2006\u20132012","volume":"14","author":"T Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1631719","article-title":"The scrub typhus in mainland China: spatiotemporal expansion and risk prediction underpinned by complex factors","volume":"8","author":"H Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3751-x","article-title":"Scrub typhus ecology: a systematic review of Orientia in vectors and hosts","volume":"12","author":"I Elliott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1221-7","article-title":"Surveillance of potential hosts and vectors of scrub typhus in Taiwan","volume":"8","author":"C-C Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813003208","article-title":"Effects of meteorological factors on scrub typhus in a temperate region of China","volume":"142","author":"LP Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0474","article-title":"Effect of Latitude and Seasonal Variation on Scrub Typhus, South Korea, 2001\u20132013","volume":"94","author":"YS Jeung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005447","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005447","article-title":"Climate variability, animal reservoir and transmission of scrub typhus in Southern China","volume":"11","author":"Y Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.11.018","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns of typhus group rickettsiosis at the county level in China, 2005\u20132017","volume":"91","author":"Y Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1050","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Patterns and Risk Factors for Scrub Typhus From 2007 to 2017 in Southern China","volume":"69","author":"C Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2013.69","article-title":"Bayesian spatial modelling and the significance of agricultural land use to scrub typhus infection in Taiwan","volume":"8","author":"NA Wardrop","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geospat Health"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109406","article-title":"Spatial and temporal distribution and trend in flood and drought disasters in East China","volume":"185","author":"J Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2013.10.003","article-title":"The impact of rural out-migration on land use transition in China: Past, present and trend","volume":"40","author":"R Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Land Use Pol"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.11.136","article-title":"Labor migration and farmland abandonment in rural China: Empirical results and policy implications","volume":"232","author":"D Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008233","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008233","article-title":"The estimated burden of scrub typhus in Thailand from national surveillance data (2003\u20132018)","volume":"14","author":"T Wangrangsimakul","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010278.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1143","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15061143","article-title":"Awareness and Work-Related Factors Associated with Scrub Typhus: A Case-Control Study from South Korea","volume":"15","author":"D-S Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010278","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T17:27:42Z","timestamp":1665509262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010278"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Choisy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010278","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010278","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]}}}