{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:23:13Z","timestamp":1783444993273,"version":"3.54.6"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010322","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000}}],"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hamish Ogston Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000683","name":"Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000683","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Buruli Ulcer Foundation Groningen"},{"name":"The Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research Group of the Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine"},{"name":"The Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The estimated five million snakebites per year are an important health problem that mainly affect rural poor populations. The global goal is to halve both mortality and morbidity from this neglected tropical disease by 2030. Data on snakebite morbidity are sparse and mainly obtained from hospital records.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This community-based study was conducted among 379 rural residents with or without a history of snakebite in the Ashanti and Upper West regions of Ghana. All participants in the snakebite group were bitten at least six months before the day of survey. The World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) and the Buruli Ulcer Functional Limitation Score were used to obtain patient-reported measure of functioning and disability. Long-term consequences were evaluated based on the severity of the symptoms at the time of the snakebite.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The median (IQR) time since the snakebite was 8.0 (3.5\u201316.5) years. The relative risk of disability was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.17\u20132.03) in the snakebite group compared to the community controls. Among patients with clinical symptoms suggesting envenoming at the time of bite, 35% had mild\/moderate disabilities compared to 20% in the control group. The disability domains mainly affected by snakebite envenoming were cognition level, mobility, life activities and participation in society. A combination of the severity of symptoms at the time of the bite, age, gender and region of residence most accurately predicted the odds of having functional limitations and disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The burden of snakebite in the community includes long-term disabilities of mild to moderate severity, which need to be considered when designing appropriate public health interventions. Estimating the total burden of snakebite is complicated by geographic differences in types of snakes and their clinical manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T17:47:14Z","timestamp":1653328034000},"page":"e0010322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["What the snake leaves in its wake: Functional limitations and disabilities among snakebite victims in Ghanaian communities"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3302-7034","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leslie Mawuli","family":"Aglanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Humphrey","family":"Amuasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bob A.","family":"Schut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Steinhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Beyuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrisantus Danaah","family":"Dari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melvin Katey","family":"Agbogbatey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Steve","family":"Blankson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Punguyire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Lalloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Blessmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabiru Mohammed","family":"Abass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ymkje","family":"Stienstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10148","key":"pntd.0010322.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31224-8","article-title":"Vulnerability to snakebite envenoming: a global mapping of hotspots","volume":"392","author":"J Longbottom","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0010322.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab002","article-title":"A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030","volume":"115","author":"MN Malecela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"pntd.0010322.ref003","unstructured":"WHO. Ending the neglect to attain the sustainable development goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030. World Health Organization, 2020 ISBN: 978 92 4 001035 2. 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