{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T20:43:07Z","timestamp":1784061787891,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010410","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000}}],"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Children Without Worms; The Task Force for Global Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004331","name":"Johnson and Johnson","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Sierra Leone, nationally powered school-based surveys have documented significant progress in the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) and schistosomiasis. In order to assess the district-level prevalence and intensity of infection among key at-risk groups outside of school age children (SAC), we conducted a multi-stage, cluster-sample household survey in Bo and Kenema districts in May 2018. From both districts, we examined 1,282 pre-school age children (PSAC), 730 school age children (SAC), and 517 adults over 14 years (including 387 women of reproductive age, or WRA) for STH and <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection using Kato Katz technique. In Bo, STH prevalence was 8.0% (95% Upper Confidence Limit 10.2%) in PSAC, 6.4% (95% Upper Confidence Limit 9.0%) in SAC, 14.1% (95% Upper Confidence Limit 17.4%) in all adults and 11.9% (95% Upper Confidence Limit 17.4%) in WRA. In Kenema, STH prevalence was 18.1% (95% Upper Confidence Limit 20.5%) in PSAC, 17.3% (95% Upper Confidence Limit 20.7%) in SAC, and 16.9% (95% Upper Confidence Limit 20.5%) in all adults and 16.9% (95% Upper Confidence Limit 22.6%) in WRA. Hookworm species were the most prevalent of STH in both districts overall. The overall prevalence of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic> was &lt;10% in Bo and &lt;20% in Kenema, and was similar across age groups. No moderate or heavy intensity STH infections or heavy intensity <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic> infections, as per World Health Organization (WHO) classification, were detected in either district. Sanitation variables, such as toilet access and quality, were independently associated with STH and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection. In Kenema, STH prevalence in SAC was within the WHO-defined range for annual treatment, whereas a previous nationally-powered survey estimated it to lie within the range of treatment once per two years. By utilizing community-based sampling, we were able to assess prevalence among WRA and make recommendations based on current guidance from WHO. To continue toward elimination of STH and <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic> as a public health problem, resources should be mobilized to increase access to and uptake of improved sanitation at community and household levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T17:45:51Z","timestamp":1653068751000},"page":"e0010410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Community-wide prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and Schistosoma mansoni in two districts of Sierra Leone"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8536-5284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cara","family":"Tupps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Kargbo-Labour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jusufu","family":"Paye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjaya","family":"Dhakal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1776-7641","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mary H.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0161-4325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander H.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1025-8270","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stacy","family":"Davlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustapha","family":"Sonnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sallay","family":"Manah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0783-5492","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rubina","family":"Imtiaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaobi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"37","key":"pntd.0010410.ref001","article-title":"Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010","volume":"7","author":"RL Pullan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0010410.ref002","volume-title":"Helminth control in school-age children: A guide for managers of control programmes","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011","edition":"2"},{"key":"pntd.0010410.ref003","volume-title":"Ending the neglect to attain the sustainable development goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"pntd.0010410.ref004","volume-title":"2030 targets for soil-transmitted helminthiases control programmes","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"pntd.0010410.ref005","volume-title":"Guideline: Preventive chemotherapy to control soil-transmitted helminth infections in at-risk population groups","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0010410.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003897","article-title":"Should the Goal for the Treatment of Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) Infections Be Changed from Morbidity Control in Children to Community-Wide Transmission Elimination?","volume":"9","author":"RM Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0010410.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007427","article-title":"Community-level epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths in the context of school-based deworming: Baseline results of a cluster randomised trial on the coast of Kenya","volume":"13","author":"KE Halliday","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010410.ref008","volume-title":"Report of the WHO Advisory Group on deworming in girls and women of reproductive age. 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