{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:22:53Z","timestamp":1778628173434,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of China","award":["20210302124299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210302124299"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of China","award":["201901D111326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201901D111326"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi","award":["2020L0376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020L0376"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi","award":["2020L0377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020L0377"]}]},{"name":"Academic Technology Leader Project of Changzhi Medical College","award":["XS202103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XS202103"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program","award":["20210584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210584"]}]},{"name":"Major Infectious Diseases Such as AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control Technology Major Projects","award":["2017ZX10303404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10303404"]}]},{"name":"Doctor research startup foundation of Changzhi Medical College","award":["BS201912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BS201912"]}]},{"name":"Doctor research startup foundation of Changzhi Medical College","award":["BS201921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BS201921"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and molecular characteristics of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> infections in small rodents in the Shangdang Basin, China. Small rodents were captured using snap traps, and their liver, spleen, and kidney tissues were harvested for <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> detection and identification using a combination of real-time PCR of the <jats:italic>ssrA<\/jats:italic> gene (296 bp) and conventional PCR and sequencing of the <jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic> gene (379 bp). Results showed that 55 of 147 small rodents to be positive for <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>, with a positivity rate of 37.41%, and 95% confidence interval of 29.50%- 45.33%. While the positivity rate across genders (42.62% in males and 33.72% in females, <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 1.208, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.272) and tissues (28.57% in liver, 33.59% in spleen, and 36.76% in kidney, <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 2.197, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.333) of small rodents was not statistically different, that in different habitats (5.13% in villages, 84.44% in forests, and 54.17% in farmlands, <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 80.105, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) was statistically different. There were 42 <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> sequences identified in six species, including 30 <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>grahamii<\/jats:italic>, three <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>phoceensis<\/jats:italic>, two <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>japonica<\/jats:italic>, two <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>queenslandensis<\/jats:italic>, one <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>fuyuanensis<\/jats:italic> and four <jats:italic>unknown Bartonella<\/jats:italic> species from <jats:italic>Niviventer confucianus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Apodemus agrarius<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Tscherskia triton<\/jats:italic>. In addition to habitat, <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> species infection could be affected by the rodent species as well. Among the <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> species detected in this area, <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>grahamii<\/jats:italic> was the dominant epidemic species (accounting for 71.43%). <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>grahamii<\/jats:italic> exhibited four distinct clusters, and showed a certain host specificity. In addition, 11 haplotypes of <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>grahamii<\/jats:italic> were observed using DNASP 6.12.03, among which nine haplotypes were novel. Overall, high occurrence and genetic diversity of <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> were observed among small rodents in the Shangdang Basin; this information could potentially help the prevention and control of rodent-<jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> species in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T17:39:04Z","timestamp":1654105144000},"page":"e0010446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prevalence and diversity of small rodent-associated Bartonella species in Shangdang Basin, 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