{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:29:55Z","timestamp":1767180595905,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010473","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000}}],"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003024","name":"International Society for Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGD14052367807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGD14052367807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) constitutes four different lesions known to be caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ova deposited in the genital tract.\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      ova may also be found in the genital tract. However, it is not known if\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      causes lower genital tract lesions characteristic of FGS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was conducted in 8 villages along the shores of Lake Victoria, western Kenya. Stool and urine samples, collected from women of reproductive age on three consecutive days, were analysed for\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      positive and\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      negative willing participants, aged 18\u201350 years were invited to answer a questionnaire (demographics, symptoms), undergo a gynaecological examination and cytology specimen collection by an FGS expert.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gynaecologic investigations were conducted in 147\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive women who had a mean infection intensity of 253.3 epg (95% CI: 194.8\u2013311.9 epg). Nearly 90% of them used Lake Victoria as their main water source. None were found to have cervicovaginal grainy sandy patches or rubbery papules. Homogenous yellow patches were found in 12\/147 (8.2%) women. Women with homogenous yellow patches were significantly older (47 years) than the rest (34 years, p = 0.001). No association was found between intensity of\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and homogenous yellow patches (p = 0.70) or abnormal blood vessels (p = 0.14).\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection intensity was not associated with genital itch, bloody or malodorous vaginal discharge.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection was neither associated with lower genital tract lesions nor symptoms typically found in women with FGS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T14:16:39Z","timestamp":1657289799000},"page":"e0010473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Absence of lower genital tract lesions among women of reproductive age infected with Schistosoma mansoni: A cross-sectional study using a colposcope in Western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Huldah C.","family":"Sang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline N. 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