{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T20:38:21Z","timestamp":1780691901274,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010491","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000}}],"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DfE","award":["DFEGCRF17-18\/Gobert"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFEGCRF17-18\/Gobert"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous reports show altered gut bacterial profiles are associated with helminth infected individuals. Our recently published molecular survey of clinical helminthiases in Thailand border regions demonstrated a more comprehensive picture of infection prevalence when Kato Katz microscopy and copro-qPCR diagnostics were combined. We revealed that<jats:italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/jats:italic>, hookworm,<jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>were the most predominant helminth infections in these regions. In the current study, we have profiled the faecal and saliva microbiota of a subset of these helminth infected participants, in order to determine if microbial changes are associated with parasite infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A subset of 66 faecal samples from Adisakwattana et al., (2020) were characterised for bacterial diversity using 16S rRNA gene profiling. Of these samples a subset of 24 participant matched saliva samples were also profiled for microbiota diversity. Sequence data were compiled, OTUs assigned, and diversity and abundance analysed using the statistical software Calypso.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data reported here indicate that helminth infections impact on both the host gut and oral microbiota. The profiles of faecal and saliva samples, irrespective of the infection status, were considerably different from each other, with more alpha diversity associated with saliva (<jats:italic>p-value<\/jats:italic>\u2264 0.0015). Helminth infection influenced the faecal microbiota with respect to specific taxa, but not overall microbial alpha diversity. Conversely, helminth infection was associated with increased saliva microbiota alpha diversity (Chao 1 diversity indices) at both the genus (<jats:italic>p-value<\/jats:italic>= 0.042) and phylum (<jats:italic>p-value<\/jats:italic>= 0.026) taxa levels, compared to uninfected individuals. Elevated individual taxa in infected individuals saliva were noted at the genus and family levels. Since<jats:italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/jats:italic>infections as a prominent health concern to Thailand, this pathogen was examined separately to other helminths infections present. Individuals with an<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>viverrini<\/jats:italic>mono-infection displayed both increases and decreases in genera present in their faecal microbiota, while increases in three families and one order were also observed in these samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, helminth infections appear to alter the abundance of specific faecal bacterial taxa, but do not impact on overall bacterial alpha or beta diversity. In addition, the faecal microbiota of<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>viverrini<\/jats:italic>only infected individuals differed from that of other helminth single and dual infections. Saliva microbiota analyses of individuals harbouring active helminth infections presented increased levels of both bacterial alpha diversity and abundance of individual taxa. Our data demonstrate that microbial change is associated with helminthiases in endemic regions of Thailand, and that this is reflected in both faecal and saliva microbiota. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an altered saliva microbiota in helminth infected individuals. This work may provide new avenues for improved diagnostics; and an enhanced understanding of both helminth infection pathology and the interplay between helminths, bacteria and their host.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T17:44:09Z","timestamp":1654710249000},"page":"e0010491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clinical helminth infections alter host gut and saliva microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5884-6453","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geoffrey N.","family":"Gobert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5184-2676","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louise E.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9465-1987","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Lokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tippayarat","family":"Yoonuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3464-6515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Orawan","family":"Phuphisut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akkarin","family":"Poodeepiyasawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirundorn","family":"Homsuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Mousley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0313-9900","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Poom","family":"Adisakwattana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0010491.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.23","article-title":"Systemic impact of intestinal helminth infections","volume":"7","author":"PK Mishra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2015.12.002","article-title":"The Increase of Exotic Zoonotic Helminth Infections: The Impact of Urbanization, Climate Change and Globalization.","volume":"91","author":"CA Gordon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol."},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref003","article-title":"Global health estimates 2015: Disease burden by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000\u20132015","author":"World-Health-Organization.","year":"2016"},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385897-9.00004-5","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminths of humans in Southeast Asia-towards integrated control.","volume":"74","author":"AR Jex","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol."},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.5372\/1905-7415.0806.357","article-title":"National survey of helminthiasis in Thailand.","volume":"8","author":"T Wongsaroj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Biomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04290-0","article-title":"Clinical helminthiases in Thailand border regions show elevated prevalence levels using qPCR diagnostics combined with traditional microscopic methods","volume":"13","author":"P Adisakwattana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01286","article-title":"Immunity to Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Evidence From the Field and Laboratory Models.","volume":"11","author":"SAP Colombo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0010491.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23733","article-title":"Transcriptome sequencing, microarray, and proteomic analyses reveal cellular and metabolic impact of hepatitis C virus infection in vitro","volume":"52","author":"SD Woodhouse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12274","article-title":"Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and helminth parasites","volume":"38","author":"MM Zaiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.10.007","article-title":"Helminth Microbiomes\u2014A Hidden Treasure Trove","volume":"35","author":"TP Jenkins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0010491.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2880","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002880","article-title":"Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota","volume":"8","author":"SC Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6285","key":"pntd.0010491.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf3229","article-title":"Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity","volume":"352","author":"D Ramanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0010491.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76573","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076573","article-title":"Patent human infections with the whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, are not associated with alterations in the faecal microbiota.","volume":"8","author":"P Cooper","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0416-5","article-title":"Differential human gut microbiome assemblages during soil-transmitted helminth infections in Indonesia and Liberia.","volume":"6","author":"BA Rosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0010491.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35470","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035470","article-title":"Worm burden-dependent disruption of the porcine colon microbiota by Trichuris suis infection","volume":"7","author":"S Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0010491.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.32155","article-title":"Commensal-pathogen interactions in the intestinal tract: lactobacilli promote infection with, and are promoted by, helminth parasites","volume":"5","author":"LA Reynolds","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723975","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2020.1723975","article-title":"The salivary microbiota in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"D. Belstr\u00f8m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of oral microbiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0010491.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3914","article-title":"The oral and gut microbiomes are perturbed in rheumatoid arthritis and partly normalized after treatment","volume":"21","author":"X Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01780","article-title":"Characteristics of the Salivary Microbiota in Patients With Various Digestive Tract Cancers.","volume":"10","author":"S Kageyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42693","article-title":"Extensive transmission of microbes along the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"8","author":"TS Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2019.303248","article-title":"Microbiome Diagnostics.","volume":"66","author":"R. Schlaberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0010491.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0406-6","article-title":"Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global microbial signatures that are specific for colorectal cancer","volume":"25","author":"J Wirbel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18871-1","article-title":"Health and disease markers correlate with gut microbiome composition across thousands of people","volume":"11","author":"O Manor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000080107","article-title":"Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample","volume":"1","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref025","article-title":"Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads","volume":"17","author":"M. Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBnetjournal"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0010491.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.","volume":"7","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0010491.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw725","article-title":"Calypso: a user-friendly web-server for mining and visualizing microbiome-environment interactions","volume":"33","author":"M Zakrzewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0010491.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0264-1","article-title":"Using MicrobiomeAnalyst for comprehensive statistical, functional, and meta-analysis of microbiome data","volume":"15","author":"J Chong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Protoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0010491.ref029","first-page":"552","article-title":"Non-normal data: Is ANOVA still a valid option?","volume":"29","author":"MJ Blanca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0010491.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2017.06.001","article-title":"Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Analysis of Microbiome","volume":"4","author":"Y Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13036-1","article-title":"Evaluation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species and strain-level microbiome analysis","volume":"10","author":"JS Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0227434","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227434","article-title":"Comparing bioinformatic pipelines for microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing","volume":"15","author":"A Prodan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7972","key":"pntd.0010491.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91733-5","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"1","author":"CB Smith","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-14-1-147","article-title":"Haemophili in faeces","volume":"14","author":"GG Palmer","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0010491.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040504","article-title":"Gastric Microbiota in Helicobacter pylori-Negative and -Positive Gastritis Among High Incidence of Gastric Cancer Area","volume":"11","author":"B Gantuya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0010491.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004809","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004809","article-title":"Biliary Microbiota, Gallstone Disease and Infection with Opisthorchis felineus","volume":"10","author":"IV Saltykova","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0010491.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00141-12","article-title":"Alterations in the Porcine Colon Microbiota Induced by the Gastrointestinal Nematode Trichuris suis","volume":"80","author":"RW Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref038","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of by high-throughput sequencing: Helicobacter pylori infection and salivary microbiome","volume":"20","author":"Y Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010491.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12694","article-title":"Alterations in the human gut microbiome associated with Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"9","author":"D Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0010491.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-44-2-187","article-title":"Oribaculum catoniae gen. nov., sp. nov.; Catonella morbi gen. nov., sp. nov.; Hallella seregens gen. nov., sp. nov.; Johnsonella ignava gen. nov., sp. nov.; and Dialister pneumosintes gen. nov., comb. nov., nom. rev., Anaerobic gram-negative bacilli from the human gingival crevice","volume":"44","author":"LV Moore","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01262-9","article-title":"The oral microbiome and salivary proteins influence caries in children aged 6 to 8 years","volume":"20","author":"W Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health."},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0010491.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314814","article-title":"The oral microbiota in colorectal cancer is distinctive and predictive","volume":"67","author":"B Flemer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.08.014","article-title":"The current status of opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis in the Mekong Basin","volume":"61","author":"P Sithithaworn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0010491.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4572","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-232751","article-title":"Infection with the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini modifies intestinal and biliary microbiome","volume":"27","author":"JL Plieskatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0010491.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70137-7","article-title":"Global burden of cancers attributable to infections in 2008: a review and synthetic analysis","volume":"13","author":"C de Martel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20606","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20606","article-title":"The effect of helminth infection on the microbial composition and structure of the caprine abomasal microbiome","volume":"6","author":"RW Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0010491.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93827","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093827","article-title":"Strengths and limitations of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in revealing temporal microbial community dynamics","volume":"9","author":"R Poretsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010491.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316723","article-title":"Human gut microbiome: hopes, threats and promises","volume":"67","author":"PD Cani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0010491.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.049","article-title":"Meta\u2019omic analytic techniques for studying the intestinal microbiome","volume":"146","author":"XC Morgan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6200","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6200","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infection alters bacterial gut microbiota in children","volume":"7","author":"MA Toro-Londono","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010491.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15651","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33937-3","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of the faecal microbiome and metabolome of Strongyloides stercoralis infected volunteers from a non-endemic area","volume":"8","author":"TP Jenkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00141","article-title":"Interactions between parasites and microbial communities in the human gut","volume":"2","author":"F Berrilli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref053","article-title":"Harnessing the helminth secretome for therapeutic immunomodulators.","author":"D Ditgen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed research international. 2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0010491.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.02.005","article-title":"Schistosome-Induced Fibrotic Disease: The Role of Hepatic Stellate Cells","volume":"34","author":"JP Carson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0010491.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2020.111322","article-title":"A comparative proteomics analysis of the egg secretions of three major schistosome species","volume":"240","author":"JP Carson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0010491.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201900088X","article-title":"Helminths and microbes within the vertebrate gut\u2014not all studies are created equal","volume":"146","author":"A Cortes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010491","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010491","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T19:04:50Z","timestamp":1675796690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010491"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Winka","family":"Le Clec\u2019h","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010491","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010491","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]}}}