{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T10:48:00Z","timestamp":1788691680233,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010522","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658188800000}}],"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EIR-CoAg - 5 U01 GH001003-05 CDC-RFA-GH-13-00105CONT17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EIR-CoAg - 5 U01 GH001003-05 CDC-RFA-GH-13-00105CONT17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Guatemala has held dog rabies mass vaccination campaigns countrywide since 1984, yet the virus remains endemic. To eliminate dog-mediated human rabies, dog vaccination coverage must reach at least 70%. The Guatemala rabies program uses a 5:1 human:dog ratio (HDR) to estimate the vaccination coverage; however, this method may not accurately reflect the heterogeneity of dog ownership practices in Guatemalan communities. We conducted 16 field-based dog population estimates in urban, semi-urban and rural areas of Guatemala to determine HDR and evaluate the standard 5:1. Our study-derived HDR estimates varied from 1.7\u201311.4:1 (average 4.0:1), being higher in densely populated sites and lowest in rural communities. The community-to-community heterogeneity observed in dog populations could explain the persistence of rabies in certain communities. To date, this is the most extensive dog-population evaluation conducted in Guatemala, and can be used to inform future rabies vaccination campaigns needed to meet the global 2030 rabies elimination targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T17:42:15Z","timestamp":1657215735000},"page":"e0010522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Heterogeneity in dog population characteristics contributes to chronic under-vaccination against rabies in Guatemala"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9344-8602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Moran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1873-4008","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Loren","family":"Cadena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Cleaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7679-2006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Salyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7735-6051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily G.","family":"Pieracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila R.","family":"Camposeco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulma","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010522.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000053","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000053","article-title":"Transmission Dynamics and Prospects for the Elimination of Canine Rabies.","volume":"7","author":"K Hampson","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"pntd.0010522.ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimating the Global Burden of Endemic Canine Rabies.","volume":"9","author":"K Hampson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"pntd.0010522.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e957","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30342-X","article-title":"Substantial reductions in rabies, but still a lot to be done","volume":"5","author":"MC Schneider","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"key":"pntd.0010522.ref004","first-page":"739","article-title":"Coverage of pilot parenteral vaccination campaign against canine rabies in N\u2019Djam\u00e9na, Chad","volume":"81","author":"U Kayali","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"pntd.0010522.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120143","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0143","article-title":"Progress towards eliminating canine rabies: policies and perspectives from Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"368","author":"N Vigilato MA ntoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0010522.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00009","article-title":"Elimination of dog-mediated human rabies deaths by 2030: Needs assessment and alternatives for progress based on dog vaccination","volume":"4","author":"RM Wallace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0010522.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001158","article-title":"Estimating the effectiveness of vaccine programs in dog populations","volume":"147","author":"RM Wallace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"pntd.0010522.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00109","article-title":"The Role of Dog Population Management in Rabies Elimination\u2014A Review of Current Approaches and Future Opportunities.","volume":"4","author":"LH Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"pntd.0010522.ref009","unstructured":"WHO; FAO; OIE;GARC. 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