{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:54:05Z","timestamp":1793224445015,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011893","name":"Pan American Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There is evidence of the occurrence of trachoma in Peru, and studies have shown that soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) are affecting rural communities in the Amazon basin in Loreto Department. This study was done to estimate trachoma prevalence, STH prevalence, and the associated factors for both diseases in children aged 1\u20139 years in rural communities of Peru.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A population-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in rural communities of Loreto. A standardized survey questionnaire with individual and household risk factors related to both diseases was used. Ocular examination was done for all participants aged one year and above, and eye swab samples were collected from children with follicular trachoma (TF). Anthropometric measurements, stool samples for STH, and blood samples for hemoglobin measurement were taken from children.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>TF prevalence was 7.74% (95% CI 5.08\u201311.63%), STH prevalence was 49.49% (95% CI 25.00\u201352.43%), and prevalence of co-occurrence of both diseases was 5.06% (95% CI 2.80\u20138.98%) in children aged 1\u20139 years. Being at age 3\u20138 years old (AOR = 6.76; 95% CI 1.346\u201333.947), have an unclean face (AOR = 24.64; 95% CI 6.787\u201389.444), and having been dewormed in the last six months (AOR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.106\u20135.514), were risk factors of TF. Being a female (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.103\u20130.457) was associated with decreased odds of TF. Having been dewormed in the last six months (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI 0.139\u20130.628) was a preventative factor for STH. Risk factors for children with both diseases mirrored the findings for risk factors for individual diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Neglected tropical diseases and associated risk factors overlap in communities living in vulnerable conditions in the Amazon basin of Peru. These findings support the need to implement integrated interventions, including mass drug administration, water, sanitation, and hygiene for both diseases in the study area.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T17:36:59Z","timestamp":1658770619000},"page":"e0010532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Associated factors of the co-occurrence of trachoma and soil-transmitted helminthiases in children 1 to 9 years old in rural communities of the Amazon basin in Loreto Department, Peru: Results from a population-based survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4324-9618","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martha Idal\u00ed","family":"Saboy\u00e1-D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiam Armando","family":"Carey Angeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario del Socorro","family":"Avellaneda Yajahuanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvith Karen","family":"Mel\u00e9ndez Ru\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufino","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvy Alberto","family":"Honorio Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Pachas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Guardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen K.","family":"Renneker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz E.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila K.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010532.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62182-0","article-title":"Trachoma","volume":"384","author":"HR Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pntd.0010532.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02521.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of trachoma: systematic review","volume":"15","author":"VH Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"pntd.0010532.ref003","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","journal-title":"WHO Alliance for the Global Elimination of Trachoma by 2020: progress report"},{"key":"pntd.0010532.ref004","first-page":"349","article-title":"WHO Alliance for the Global Elimination of Trachoma by 2020: progress report, 2019","volume":"30","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","journal-title":"Weekly epidemiological record"},{"key":"pntd.0010532.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007835","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007835","article-title":"The global burden of trichiasis in 2016","volume":"13","author":"RM Flueckiger","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010532.ref006","first-page":"53","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trachoma control: a guide for programme managers. 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