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Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of JEV isolates from Asian countries have shown that JEVs with diverse genetic variants are present in Asia. Furthermore, some JEV strains have been found to have crossed the East China Sea and been introduced into Japan. In this study, the possibility of overseas migration of the JE vector mosquito,\n                    <jats:italic>Cx<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was examined from the genetic, physical, and meteorological perspectives. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed based on both whole coding sequences and on the barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (\n                    <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene of\n                    <jats:italic>Cx<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>vishnui<\/jats:italic>\n                    subgroups collected from Asian countries.\n                    <jats:italic>Culex tritaeniorhymchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was classified into two genetically independent taxa by\n                    <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences: the Japanese type (\n                    <jats:italic>Ct<\/jats:italic>\n                    -J), which inhabits Japan except for the Amami Islands of southern Japan, and the continental type (\n                    <jats:italic>Ct<\/jats:italic>\n                    -C), which inhabits the Asian region except for Japan. It was confirmed that approximately 10% of\n                    <jats:italic>Cx<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    trapped during the summer in western Kyushu were\n                    <jats:italic>Ct<\/jats:italic>\n                    -C, and that they could fly for up to 38 h continuously. The meteorological analysis also confirmed that the atmospheric flow occurring over the continent coincided with the date of\n                    <jats:italic>Ct<\/jats:italic>\n                    -C capture. This is the first report showing the existence of two taxa in\n                    <jats:italic>Cx<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Their physical and physiological characteristics suggest the possibility of long-distance migration from overseas regions to Japan across the East China Sea. Future efforts are expected to provide evidence to support the occurrence of long-distance migration of\n                    <jats:italic>Cx<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    with JEV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T13:48:53Z","timestamp":1656596933000},"page":"e0010543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Two hidden taxa in the Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and the potential for long-distance migration from overseas to Japan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Satoru","family":"Arai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryusei","family":"Kuwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihide","family":"Maekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudipta","family":"Roychoudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene Garcia","family":"Bertuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Vu","family":"Phong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Etoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Otuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nabeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko Tanaka","family":"Taya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutsuo","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Sawabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010543.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), Japanese encephalitis. 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