{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T07:29:12Z","timestamp":1774423752790,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010577","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000}}],"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-18-CE35-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-CE35-0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Schistosomiasis is a neglected water-born parasitic disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    affecting more than 200 million people. Introgressive hybridization is common among these parasites and raises issues concerning their zoonotic transmission. Morphological identification of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    cercariae is difficult and does not permit hybrids detection. Our objective was to assess the performance of MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assistated Laser Desorption-Ionization\u2013Time Of Flight) mass spectrometry for the specific identification of cercariae in human and non-human\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    and for the detection of hybridization between\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Spectra were collected from laboratory reared molluscs infested with strains of\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    , S.\n                    <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>rodhaini<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    x\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    natural (Corsican hybrid) and artificial hybrids. Cluster analysis showed a clear separation between\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>rodhaini<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Corsican hybrids are classified with those of the parental strain of\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    whereas other hybrids formed a distinct cluster. In blind test analysis the developed MALDI-TOF spectral database permits identification of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    cercariae with high accuracy (94%) and good specificity (\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    : 99.59%,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    99.56%,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>rodhaini<\/jats:italic>\n                    : 100%). Most misidentifications were between\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the Corsican hybrids. The use of machine learning permits to improve the discrimination between these last two taxa, with accuracy, F1 score and Sensitivity\/Specificity &gt; 97%. In multivariate analysis the factors associated with obtaining a valid identification score (&gt; 1.7) were absence of ethanol preservation (p &lt; 0.001) and a number of 2\u20133 cercariae deposited per well (p &lt; 0.001). Also, spectra acquired from\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    cercariae are more likely to obtain a valid identification score than those acquired from\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (p&lt;0.001). MALDI-TOF is a reliable technique for high-throughput identification of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    cercariae of medical and veterinary importance and could be useful for field survey in endemic areas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T13:58:12Z","timestamp":1680011892000},"page":"e0010577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["MALDI-TOF: A new tool for the identification of Schistosoma cercariae and detection of hybrids"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1341-9965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antoine","family":"Huguenin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Kincaid-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Depaquit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Boissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Fert\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010577.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2","article-title":"Human 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