{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:01:57Z","timestamp":1781499717691,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010714","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000}}],"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32030109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32030109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32150710530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32150710530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1901208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1901208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"111 Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["D20008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D20008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Project of Guangdong University","award":["2019KCXTD001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KCXTD001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zoonotic <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic> infections are mainly caused by IIa and IId subtypes. As most biological characterizations have been performed on IIa subtypes, the biological and genetic characteristics of IId subtypes in China are not clear. We evaluated the infection and genetic characteristics of IId isolates in interferon-\u03b3-knockout mice using qPCR to quantify oocyst shedding, histological examination to monitor pathological changes and comparative genomic analyses to identify infectivity and virulence-associated differences. Compared with the reference IIa isolate, mice infected with the IId isolates had significantly higher and longer oocyst shedding and lower body weight gain. In addition, the four IId isolates examined differed significantly in infectivity (as indicated by the median infective dose), oocyst shedding duration, and pathogenicity. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that the IId isolates had three more subtelomeric genes than the reference IIa isolate and 5385\u20135548 nucleotide substitutions, with the hypervariable genes mostly in two blocks on chromosome 1. In contrast, the four IId isolates differed from each other by 77\u20131,452 nucleotides, with virulence-associated sequence differences mainly in nine genes within a 28-kb block on chromosome 6. These data indicate the newly emerged <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>parvum<\/jats:italic> IId subtypes in China have high animal infectivity and unique genomic characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T17:41:56Z","timestamp":1661190116000},"page":"e0010714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["High infectivity and unique genomic sequence characteristics of Cryptosporidium parvum in China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ruilian","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengjie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8532-2727","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lihua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoyu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010714.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70772-8","article-title":"A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for Cryptosporidium","volume":"15","author":"W Checkley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010714.ref002","first-page":"8","article-title":"Molecular epidemiologic tools for waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis.","author":"L Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0010714.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.07.009","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Cryptosporidium","volume":"34","author":"Y Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0010714.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.12.002","article-title":"Emergence of zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum in China","volume":"38","author":"Y Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0010714.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15333.1","article-title":"Recent beakthroughs and ongoing limitations in Cryptosporidium research.","volume":"7","author":"S Bhalchandra","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010714.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.9.2962-2965.1990","article-title":"Immunotherapeutic efficacy of bovine colostral immunoglobulins from a hyperimmunized cow against cryptosporidiosis in neonatal mice. 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