{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:00:12Z","timestamp":1775869212900,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008793","name":"Universidad del Rosario","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nPrevious studies suggest a relationship between precipitation and ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) reactivation and congenital toxoplasmosis infection. We aimed to investigate the relationship between precipitation and the frequency of new OT cases in Colombia from 2015 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethodology<\/jats:title>\nThis retrospective cohort study analyzed data obtained from a claims-based database created by the Colombian Ministry of Health and national registries of precipitation of the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology, and Environmental Studies. We estimated the daily number of OT cases, interpolating data from the average number of annual cases from 2015 to 2019. Then, we compared exposures (mean daily precipitation) in the case period in which the events (interpolated OT new cases) occurred by a quasi-Poisson regression, combined with a distributed lag non-linear model to estimate the non-linear and lag\u2013response curve.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nPrincipal findings<\/jats:title>\nIn the 5-year analysis, there were 1,741 new OT cases. Most of the cases occurred in 2019, followed by 2015 and 2018. New OT cases among departments were significantly different (P<\/jats:italic>< 0.01). The cumulative exposure-response curve was decreasing for most departments. Nevertheless, in Choc\u00f3, Bogot\u00e1, Cesar, Cauca, and Guajira, when a certain amount of precipitation accumulates, the relative risk (RR) increases, which was contrary to the pattern observed in the other regions. The response curves to the one-day lag showed that precipitation influences the RR; however, the trends vary by department. Finally, an increasing trend in the number of cases was directly proportional to precipitation in Guajira, Atl\u00e1ntico, Norte de Santander, Santander, Caquet\u00e1 and Quind\u00edo (r = 0.84; P<\/jats:italic>< 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nPrecipitation influenced the RR for new OT cases. However, varying trends among geographical regions (departments) lead us to hypothesize that other sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental variables, such as wind and water contamination, could influence the RR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T17:26:58Z","timestamp":1664990818000},"page":"e0010742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring the association between precipitation and population cases of ocular toxoplasmosis in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Boada-Robayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danna Lesley","family":"Cruz-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cifuentes-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Rojas-Carabali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngela Paola","family":"Vargas-Largo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0684-1989","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandra","family":"de-la-Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010742.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2019.06.003","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii secretory proteins and their role in invasion and pathogenesis","volume":"227","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiological Research"},{"key":"pntd.0010742.ref002","volume-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: the model apicomplexan-perspectives and methods","author":"LM Weiss","year":"2020","edition":"3"},{"key":"pntd.0010742.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.07.001","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"35","author":"S. 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