{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:26:00Z","timestamp":1790925960814,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010752","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000}}],"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R37AI101438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37AI101438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"\n The planorbid gastropod genus\n Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n consists of 38 species that vary in their ability to vector\n Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n (the causative agent of human urogenital schistosomiasis), other\n Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n species, and non-schistosome trematodes. Relying on sequence-based identifications of bulinids (partial\n cox1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n 16S<\/jats:italic>\n ) and\n Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n (\n cox1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n ITS<\/jats:italic>\n ), we examined\n Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n species in the Lake Victoria Basin in Kenya for naturally acquired infections with\n Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n species. We collected 6,133 bulinids from 11 sites between 2014\u20132021, 226 (3.7%) of which harbored\n Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n infections. We found 4\n Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n taxa from Lake Victoria (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n tropicus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n ugandae<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n cf<\/jats:italic>\n .\n transversalis<\/jats:italic>\n ), and an additional 4 from other habitats (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n globosus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n productus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n forskalii<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n scalaris<\/jats:italic>\n ).\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n infections were found in\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n globosus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n productus<\/jats:italic>\n (with infections in the former predominating) whereas\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n bovis<\/jats:italic>\n infections were identified in\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n globosus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n productus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n forskalii<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n ugandae<\/jats:italic>\n . No nuclear\/mitochondrial discordance potentially indicative of\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n haematobium\/S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n bovis<\/jats:italic>\n hybridization was detected. We highlight the presence of\n Bulinus ugandae<\/jats:italic>\n as a distinct lake-dwelling taxon closely related to\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n globosus<\/jats:italic>\n yet, unlike all other members of the\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n africanus<\/jats:italic>\n species group, is likely not a vector for\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n , though it does exhibit susceptibility to\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n bovis<\/jats:italic>\n . Other lake-dwelling bulinids also lacked\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n infections, supporting the possibility that they all lack compatibility with local\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n , thereby preventing widespread transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis in the lake\u2019s waters. We support\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n productus<\/jats:italic>\n as a distinct species from\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n nasutus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n scalaris<\/jats:italic>\n as distinct from\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n forskalii<\/jats:italic>\n , and add further evidence for a\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\n globosus<\/jats:italic>\n species complex with three lineages represented in Kenya alone. This study serves as an essential prelude for investigating why these patterns in compatibility exist and whether the underlying biological mechanisms may be exploited for the purpose of limiting schistosome transmission.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T14:25:07Z","timestamp":1676039107000},"page":"e0010752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Bulinus snails in the Lake Victoria Basin in Kenya: Systematics and their role as hosts for schistosomes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5312-9495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caitlin R.","family":"Babbitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina R.","family":"Laidemitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin W.","family":"Mutuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polycup O.","family":"Oraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara V.","family":"Brant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald M.","family":"Mkoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Loker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010752.ref001","first-page":"544","article-title":"Infection success in novel hosts: an experimental and phylogenetic study of Drosophila-parasitic nematodes","volume":"57","author":"SJ Perlman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"pntd.0010752.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20122947","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2947","article-title":"Host compatibility rather than vector\u2013host-encounter rate determines the host range of avian Plasmodium parasites","volume":"280","author":"MCI Medeiros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0010752.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13669","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13669","article-title":"Hidden biodiversity in an ancient lake: phylogenetic congruence between Lake Tanganyika tropheine cichlids and their monogenean flatworm parasites","volume":"5","author":"MPM Vanhove","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pntd.0010752.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13263","article-title":"Deeply conserved susceptibility in a multi-host, multi-parasite system","volume":"22","author":"LN Barrow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"pntd.0010752.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001008046","article-title":"Interactions between intermediate snail hosts of the genus Bulinus and schistosomes of the Schistosoma haematobium group","volume":"123","author":"D Rollinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"pntd.0010752.ref006","volume-title":"Parasitism: The ecology and evolution of intimate interactions.","author":"C. 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